
(a)
Interpretation:
The standard addition plot should be constructed.
Concept introduction:
Standard addition method is used to analyze complex samples which matrix effect is significant. One common approach is standard addition technique is spiking of sample. In this method, one or more increments of a standard solution is added to the several aliquots of sample containing same volume. Each solution is then diluted to a fixed volume and experiment is proceeded.
(b)
Interpretation:
The slope and the intercept should be determined.
Concept introduction:
The slope of the line,
The intercept,
(c)
Interpretation:
The standard deviation of the slope and the intercept should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Standard deviation about regression,
N − number of points used.
The standard deviation of the slope,
The standard deviation of the intercept,
(d)
Interpretation:
The concentration of Pd(II) in the analyte solution should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Concentration of the analyte in the sample can be determined by the data obtained from standard-addition method and using following formula.
Cx − concentration of unknown sample
b- intercept
Cs − concentration of the standard sample
m − slope
Vx−volume of unknown sample.
(e)
Interpretation:
The standard deviation of measured concentration should be determined.
Concept introduction:

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Chapter 14 Solutions
Principles of Instrumental Analysis
- Identify conjugate acid-base pairs in the following reactions:HBr (aq) + H2O (l) ⇌ H3O+ (aq) + Br- (aq) - OH (aq) + CH3COOH (aq) ⇌ H2O (l) + CH3COO- (aq)arrow_forward4:45 PM Tue Apr 1 K 77% Problem 9 of 10 Submit Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided starting structure, draw the curved electron-pushing arrows for the following reaction or mechanistic step(s). Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps. Then draw any missing organic intermediates or products for this reaction. Include all lone pairs in the structures. Ignore inorganic byproducts, counterions, and solvents. :0: H Select to Add Arrows HI CH3OH H+ ·HO CH3OH, H+ 0:0 H H Select to Add Arrows tion Versirate CH3OH, H* Select to Draw Productarrow_forwardCan I please get help with this graph? If you can show exactly where it needs to pass through.arrow_forward
- G 1. PPh3, THF 2. 3. LiH, THF ' THF H Harrow_forwardPlease EnCircle or Fill-In your Choice CLEARLY: 21. Please Sketch the intermediates for each step below. Draw the Product which would result from the following series of reactions. Name each Type of Rx: 1. Br2, FeBr3 2. Mg, ether 3. ethylene oxide 4. H₂O+ 5. PBr3 6. Mg, ether 7. 8. H3O+, heat (-H₂O 9. HF ?arrow_forwardCan I please get help with this question. All required information should be in data table.arrow_forward
- esc For the reaction below: 1. Draw all reasonable elimination products to the right of the arrow. 2. In the box below the reaction, redraw any product you expect to be a major product. Major Product: Explanation Check C ☐ + X NaOH Br F1 F2 80 F3 F4 F5 F6 1 ! @ 2 3 $ 4 % 5 Q W LU E S D A F7 * C Click and dr drawing a 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserv ►II F8 4 F9 6 7 8 9 R T Y U LL F G H Jarrow_forwardCalculate equilibrium concentrations for the following reaction:N2 (g) + O2 (g) ⇋ 2 NO (g) Kc = 0.10 at 2273K initially [N2] = 0.200M; [O2] = 0.200arrow_forwardFor each scenario below, select the color of the solution using the indicator thymol blue during the titration. When you first add indicator to your Na2CO3solution, the solution is basic (pH ~10), and the color is ["", "", "", "", ""] . At the equivalence point for the titration, the moles of added HCl are equal to the moles of Na2CO3. One drop (or less!) past this is called the endpoint. The added HCl begins to titrate the thymol blue indicator itself. At the endpoint, the indicator color is ["", "", "", "", ""] . When you weren't paying attention and added too much HCl (~12 mL extra), the color is ["", "", "", "", ""] . When you really weren't paying attention and reached the second equivalence point of Na2CO3, the color isarrow_forward
- The following reaction is run in which the initial conditions include only methane (CH4) at a concentration of0.115 M. Once equilibrium was established, the concentration of acetylene (C2H2) was measured to be 0.035M. What is the value of the equilibrium constant, K?2 CH4 (g) ⇋ C2H2 (g) + 3 H2 (g)arrow_forwardCalculate the equilibrium concentration of carbon dioxide for the following reaction:2 COF2 (g) ⇋ CF4 (g) + CO2 (g) Kc = 2.00 at 10.00 °C. at equilibrium [COF2] = 0.255M; [CF4] = 0.118Marrow_forwardIn a benzene derivative that has -CH2CH3, indicate how it can be substituted by -COOH.arrow_forward
- Principles of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage LearningPrinciples of Modern ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305079113Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. ButlerPublisher:Cengage Learning

