(a) Interpretation: The equilibrium constant for the reaction of alkyne with sodium amide in liquid ammonia is to be stated. Also, the equilibrium constant for the reaction of alkane with amide ion is to be stated. Concept introduction: Acetylenic anions are formed when an alkene is reacted with a stronger base like sodium amide in liquid ammonia. Amide is a stronger base than acetylenic ion, therefore, it easily removes a proton from alkynes and the reaction is favored in the forward direction. Equilibrium reaction is the reaction in which the rate of forward direction is equal to the rate of reverse reaction. Equilibrium constant is a constant at any point of equilibrium; where, the ratio of the concentration of the products, each raised to power of their respective coefficient, to the concentration of the reactants, each raised to a power of their respective coefficient. Equilibrium constant depends only on temperature.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 14.17P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The equilibrium constant for the reaction of alkyne with sodium amide in liquid ammonia is to be stated. Also, the equilibrium constant for the reaction of alkane with amide ion is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Acetylenic anions are formed when an alkene is reacted with a stronger base like sodium amide in liquid ammonia. Amide is a stronger base than acetylenic ion, therefore, it easily removes a proton from alkynes and the reaction is favored in the forward direction. Equilibrium reaction is the reaction in which the rate of forward direction is equal to the rate of reverse reaction. Equilibrium constant is a constant at any point of equilibrium; where, the ratio of the concentration of the products, each raised to power of their respective coefficient, to the concentration of the reactants, each raised to a power of their respective coefficient. Equilibrium constant depends only on temperature.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reason as to why sodium amide cannot be used to form alkyl anions from alkanes is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Acetylenic anions are formed when an alkene is reacted with a stronger base like sodium amide in liquid ammonia. Amide is a stronger base than acetylenic ion, therefore, it easily removes a proton from alkynes and the reaction is favored in the forward direction. Equilibrium reaction is the reaction in which the rate of forward direction is equal to the rate of reverse reaction. Equilibrium constant is a constant at any point of equilibrium; where, the ratio of the concentration of the products, each raised to power of their respective coefficient, to the concentration of the reactants, each raised to a power of their respective coefficient. Equilibrium constant depends only on temperature.

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There are 48 pairs of students in the following table. Each pair has quantitatively determined the mass of taurine in a 250 mL can of the popular energy drink marketed as “Munster” using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The class results are presented below: QUESTION: Summarise and report these results including an indication of measurement uncertainty. In both calculation samples calculate if an outlier is present, max value, number of samples, mean, standard deviation, g (suspect), g (critical) and t (critical). Mass of Taurine (mg) Mass of Taurine (mg) (Table continued) 152.01 152.23 151.87 151.45 154.11 152.64 152.98 153.24 152.88 151.45 153.49 152.48 150.68 152.33 151.52 153.63 152.48 151.68 153.17 153.40 153.77 153.67 152.34 153.16 152.57 153.02 152.86 151.50 151.23 152.57 152.72 151.54 146.47 152.38 152.44 152.54 152.53 152.54 151.32…

Indicate the rate expressions for reactions that have order 0, 1, and 2.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 14.17P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The equilibrium constant for the reaction of alkyne with sodium amide in liquid ammonia is to be stated. Also, the equilibrium constant for the reaction of alkane with amide ion is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Acetylenic anions are formed when an alkene is reacted with a stronger base like sodium amide in liquid ammonia. Amide is a stronger base than acetylenic ion, therefore, it easily removes a proton from alkynes and the reaction is favored in the forward direction. Equilibrium reaction is the reaction in which the rate of forward direction is equal to the rate of reverse reaction. Equilibrium constant is a constant at any point of equilibrium; where, the ratio of the concentration of the products, each raised to power of their respective coefficient, to the concentration of the reactants, each raised to a power of their respective coefficient. Equilibrium constant depends only on temperature.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reason as to why sodium amide cannot be used to form alkyl anions from alkanes is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Acetylenic anions are formed when an alkene is reacted with a stronger base like sodium amide in liquid ammonia. Amide is a stronger base than acetylenic ion, therefore, it easily removes a proton from alkynes and the reaction is favored in the forward direction. Equilibrium reaction is the reaction in which the rate of forward direction is equal to the rate of reverse reaction. Equilibrium constant is a constant at any point of equilibrium; where, the ratio of the concentration of the products, each raised to power of their respective coefficient, to the concentration of the reactants, each raised to a power of their respective coefficient. Equilibrium constant depends only on temperature.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 14.17P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The equilibrium constant for the reaction of alkyne with sodium amide in liquid ammonia is to be stated. Also, the equilibrium constant for the reaction of alkane with amide ion is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Acetylenic anions are formed when an alkene is reacted with a stronger base like sodium amide in liquid ammonia. Amide is a stronger base than acetylenic ion, therefore, it easily removes a proton from alkynes and the reaction is favored in the forward direction. Equilibrium reaction is the reaction in which the rate of forward direction is equal to the rate of reverse reaction. Equilibrium constant is a constant at any point of equilibrium; where, the ratio of the concentration of the products, each raised to power of their respective coefficient, to the concentration of the reactants, each raised to a power of their respective coefficient. Equilibrium constant depends only on temperature.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reason as to why sodium amide cannot be used to form alkyl anions from alkanes is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Acetylenic anions are formed when an alkene is reacted with a stronger base like sodium amide in liquid ammonia. Amide is a stronger base than acetylenic ion, therefore, it easily removes a proton from alkynes and the reaction is favored in the forward direction. Equilibrium reaction is the reaction in which the rate of forward direction is equal to the rate of reverse reaction. Equilibrium constant is a constant at any point of equilibrium; where, the ratio of the concentration of the products, each raised to power of their respective coefficient, to the concentration of the reactants, each raised to a power of their respective coefficient. Equilibrium constant depends only on temperature.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 14, Problem 14.17P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The equilibrium constant for the reaction of alkyne with sodium amide in liquid ammonia is to be stated. Also, the equilibrium constant for the reaction of alkane with amide ion is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Acetylenic anions are formed when an alkene is reacted with a stronger base like sodium amide in liquid ammonia. Amide is a stronger base than acetylenic ion, therefore, it easily removes a proton from alkynes and the reaction is favored in the forward direction. Equilibrium reaction is the reaction in which the rate of forward direction is equal to the rate of reverse reaction. Equilibrium constant is a constant at any point of equilibrium; where, the ratio of the concentration of the products, each raised to power of their respective coefficient, to the concentration of the reactants, each raised to a power of their respective coefficient. Equilibrium constant depends only on temperature.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reason as to why sodium amide cannot be used to form alkyl anions from alkanes is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Acetylenic anions are formed when an alkene is reacted with a stronger base like sodium amide in liquid ammonia. Amide is a stronger base than acetylenic ion, therefore, it easily removes a proton from alkynes and the reaction is favored in the forward direction. Equilibrium reaction is the reaction in which the rate of forward direction is equal to the rate of reverse reaction. Equilibrium constant is a constant at any point of equilibrium; where, the ratio of the concentration of the products, each raised to power of their respective coefficient, to the concentration of the reactants, each raised to a power of their respective coefficient. Equilibrium constant depends only on temperature.

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Answer 5

Chapter 14, Problem 14.17P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The equilibrium constant for the reaction of alkyne with sodium amide in liquid ammonia is to be stated. Also, the equilibrium constant for the reaction of alkane with amide ion is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Acetylenic anions are formed when an alkene is reacted with a stronger base like sodium amide in liquid ammonia. Amide is a stronger base than acetylenic ion, therefore, it easily removes a proton from alkynes and the reaction is favored in the forward direction. Equilibrium reaction is the reaction in which the rate of forward direction is equal to the rate of reverse reaction. Equilibrium constant is a constant at any point of equilibrium; where, the ratio of the concentration of the products, each raised to power of their respective coefficient, to the concentration of the reactants, each raised to a power of their respective coefficient. Equilibrium constant depends only on temperature.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reason as to why sodium amide cannot be used to form alkyl anions from alkanes is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Acetylenic anions are formed when an alkene is reacted with a stronger base like sodium amide in liquid ammonia. Amide is a stronger base than acetylenic ion, therefore, it easily removes a proton from alkynes and the reaction is favored in the forward direction. Equilibrium reaction is the reaction in which the rate of forward direction is equal to the rate of reverse reaction. Equilibrium constant is a constant at any point of equilibrium; where, the ratio of the concentration of the products, each raised to power of their respective coefficient, to the concentration of the reactants, each raised to a power of their respective coefficient. Equilibrium constant depends only on temperature.

Answer 6

Chapter 14, Problem 14.17P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The equilibrium constant for the reaction of alkyne with sodium amide in liquid ammonia is to be stated. Also, the equilibrium constant for the reaction of alkane with amide ion is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Acetylenic anions are formed when an alkene is reacted with a stronger base like sodium amide in liquid ammonia. Amide is a stronger base than acetylenic ion, therefore, it easily removes a proton from alkynes and the reaction is favored in the forward direction. Equilibrium reaction is the reaction in which the rate of forward direction is equal to the rate of reverse reaction. Equilibrium constant is a constant at any point of equilibrium; where, the ratio of the concentration of the products, each raised to power of their respective coefficient, to the concentration of the reactants, each raised to a power of their respective coefficient. Equilibrium constant depends only on temperature.

Answer 7

Chapter 14, Problem 14.17P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The equilibrium constant for the reaction of alkyne with sodium amide in liquid ammonia is to be stated. Also, the equilibrium constant for the reaction of alkane with amide ion is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Acetylenic anions are formed when an alkene is reacted with a stronger base like sodium amide in liquid ammonia. Amide is a stronger base than acetylenic ion, therefore, it easily removes a proton from alkynes and the reaction is favored in the forward direction. Equilibrium reaction is the reaction in which the rate of forward direction is equal to the rate of reverse reaction. Equilibrium constant is a constant at any point of equilibrium; where, the ratio of the concentration of the products, each raised to power of their respective coefficient, to the concentration of the reactants, each raised to a power of their respective coefficient. Equilibrium constant depends only on temperature.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reason as to why sodium amide cannot be used to form alkyl anions from alkanes is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Acetylenic anions are formed when an alkene is reacted with a stronger base like sodium amide in liquid ammonia. Amide is a stronger base than acetylenic ion, therefore, it easily removes a proton from alkynes and the reaction is favored in the forward direction. Equilibrium reaction is the reaction in which the rate of forward direction is equal to the rate of reverse reaction. Equilibrium constant is a constant at any point of equilibrium; where, the ratio of the concentration of the products, each raised to power of their respective coefficient, to the concentration of the reactants, each raised to a power of their respective coefficient. Equilibrium constant depends only on temperature.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reason as to why sodium amide cannot be used to form alkyl anions from alkanes is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Acetylenic anions are formed when an alkene is reacted with a stronger base like sodium amide in liquid ammonia. Amide is a stronger base than acetylenic ion, therefore, it easily removes a proton from alkynes and the reaction is favored in the forward direction. Equilibrium reaction is the reaction in which the rate of forward direction is equal to the rate of reverse reaction. Equilibrium constant is a constant at any point of equilibrium; where, the ratio of the concentration of the products, each raised to power of their respective coefficient, to the concentration of the reactants, each raised to a power of their respective coefficient. Equilibrium constant depends only on temperature.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.1P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.2P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.3P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.4P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.5P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.6P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.7P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.8P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.9P Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that the equilibrium constant for the reaction of alkyne with sodium amide in liquid ammonia is 1010.

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Chapter 14 Solutions