Chapter 14, Problem 14.11QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The explanation why a carboxylic acid has more polar nature and higher boiling point than an alcohol or an aldehyde has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Carboxylic acid consists of carboxyl group.  A carboxyl group is a functional group consisting of carbonyl group $\text{(C=O)}$ with hydroxyl group $\text{(O-H)}$ attached to the same carbon atom.  Carboxylic acids are used as precursors to form other compounds such as esters, aldehydes and ketones.

Explanation of Solution

The functional group present in carboxylic acids is carboxyl group $\text{(-COOH)}$.  Carboxylic acids can exhibit hydrogen bonding with themselves.  Carboxylic acids have the ability to form a dimer by hydrogen bonding that enables a stable arrangement.  Since the carboxyl group is polar and intermolecular hydrogen bonds is formed with one another in carboxylic acids, and they tend to have strong dipole-dipole attraction.  Hence, carboxylic acids are more polar nature and have higher boiling points than an alcohol or an aldehyde.