The number of protons that have to flow across the inner mitochondrial membrane to synthesize one ATP molecule if the Δ G for the ATP synthesis under intracellular conditions is between 46 and 54 kJ/mole. Introduction: ATP synthases are the membrane-bound enzyme complexes that participate in the ATP synthesis (forms ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate). The proton energy gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane provides energy for ATP synthesis.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 14, Problem 13Q

Summary Introduction

To calculate: The number of protons that have to flow across the inner mitochondrial membrane to synthesize one ATP molecule if the ΔG for the ATP synthesis under intracellular conditions is between 46 and 54 kJ/mole.

Introduction: ATP synthases are the membrane-bound enzyme complexes that participate in the ATP synthesis (forms ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate). The proton energy gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane provides energy for ATP synthesis.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason that the range of ΔG value is not a precise number for ATP synthesis.

Introduction: ATP is synthesized in the F₁F₀ complex present in the mitochondria. The mitochondrial ATP synthase complexes are generally found in the inner mitochondrial membrane and helps in the generation of ATP for cellular processes.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Under which conditions would the lower value of ΔG be applied for ATP synthesis.

Introduction: Energy is necessary for all living organisms to perform their life processes. Living cells obtain energy in a different form and they also have the mechanisms to alter energy from one form to another form. ATP is known as the immediate “energy currency” of the cell. ATP is continually produced from ADP and inorganic phosphate through cellular respiration or photosynthesis.

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Question #3: In the KeyGene paper, the authors state that it would be useful if pollen from an apomict would transmit apomixis-inducing genes to the female in the cross (assuming the pollen is viable). Assuming there was just one gene conferring gametophytic obligate apomixis, and that the two parents are inbreds, what would be the consequences of such a cross if: a) The apomixis was a dominant trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the parental cross. b) The apomixis was a recessive trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the…

Question #5: Assume that two genes are identified that confer gametophytic facultative apomixis in soybean. The genes show independent assortment. Recessive alleles at both loci are required for the facultative apomixis. Facultative apomixis is triggered when the temperature at pollination is above 20 degrees C. At temperatures below 20 degrees C, all reproduction is sexual, independent of genotype. A facultative apomict male, capable of producing viable pollen, was crossed with a sexually reproducing female. Assuming the parents are completely inbred, what are the predicted phenotypic ratios (apomict: non-apomict) for the F1, F2, and DH (F1-derived) generations at each of the following temperatures*: a) 15°C? b) 25°C? *for full credit, show crosses and genotypes where appropriate. Remember to position the female first (left side) in the cross. Type your answer here:

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 14, Problem 13Q

Summary Introduction

To calculate: The number of protons that have to flow across the inner mitochondrial membrane to synthesize one ATP molecule if the ΔG for the ATP synthesis under intracellular conditions is between 46 and 54 kJ/mole.

Introduction: ATP synthases are the membrane-bound enzyme complexes that participate in the ATP synthesis (forms ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate). The proton energy gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane provides energy for ATP synthesis.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason that the range of ΔG value is not a precise number for ATP synthesis.

Introduction: ATP is synthesized in the F₁F₀ complex present in the mitochondria. The mitochondrial ATP synthase complexes are generally found in the inner mitochondrial membrane and helps in the generation of ATP for cellular processes.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Under which conditions would the lower value of ΔG be applied for ATP synthesis.

Introduction: Energy is necessary for all living organisms to perform their life processes. Living cells obtain energy in a different form and they also have the mechanisms to alter energy from one form to another form. ATP is known as the immediate “energy currency” of the cell. ATP is continually produced from ADP and inorganic phosphate through cellular respiration or photosynthesis.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 14, Problem 13Q

Summary Introduction

To calculate: The number of protons that have to flow across the inner mitochondrial membrane to synthesize one ATP molecule if the ΔG for the ATP synthesis under intracellular conditions is between 46 and 54 kJ/mole.

Introduction: ATP synthases are the membrane-bound enzyme complexes that participate in the ATP synthesis (forms ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate). The proton energy gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane provides energy for ATP synthesis.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason that the range of ΔG value is not a precise number for ATP synthesis.

Introduction: ATP is synthesized in the F₁F₀ complex present in the mitochondria. The mitochondrial ATP synthase complexes are generally found in the inner mitochondrial membrane and helps in the generation of ATP for cellular processes.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Under which conditions would the lower value of ΔG be applied for ATP synthesis.

Introduction: Energy is necessary for all living organisms to perform their life processes. Living cells obtain energy in a different form and they also have the mechanisms to alter energy from one form to another form. ATP is known as the immediate “energy currency” of the cell. ATP is continually produced from ADP and inorganic phosphate through cellular respiration or photosynthesis.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 14, Problem 13Q

Summary Introduction

To calculate: The number of protons that have to flow across the inner mitochondrial membrane to synthesize one ATP molecule if the ΔG for the ATP synthesis under intracellular conditions is between 46 and 54 kJ/mole.

Introduction: ATP synthases are the membrane-bound enzyme complexes that participate in the ATP synthesis (forms ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate). The proton energy gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane provides energy for ATP synthesis.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason that the range of ΔG value is not a precise number for ATP synthesis.

Introduction: ATP is synthesized in the F₁F₀ complex present in the mitochondria. The mitochondrial ATP synthase complexes are generally found in the inner mitochondrial membrane and helps in the generation of ATP for cellular processes.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Under which conditions would the lower value of ΔG be applied for ATP synthesis.

Introduction: Energy is necessary for all living organisms to perform their life processes. Living cells obtain energy in a different form and they also have the mechanisms to alter energy from one form to another form. ATP is known as the immediate “energy currency” of the cell. ATP is continually produced from ADP and inorganic phosphate through cellular respiration or photosynthesis.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 14, Problem 13Q

Summary Introduction

To calculate: The number of protons that have to flow across the inner mitochondrial membrane to synthesize one ATP molecule if the ΔG for the ATP synthesis under intracellular conditions is between 46 and 54 kJ/mole.

Introduction: ATP synthases are the membrane-bound enzyme complexes that participate in the ATP synthesis (forms ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate). The proton energy gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane provides energy for ATP synthesis.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason that the range of ΔG value is not a precise number for ATP synthesis.

Introduction: ATP is synthesized in the F₁F₀ complex present in the mitochondria. The mitochondrial ATP synthase complexes are generally found in the inner mitochondrial membrane and helps in the generation of ATP for cellular processes.

Summary Introduction

To explain: Under which conditions would the lower value of ΔG be applied for ATP synthesis.

Introduction: Energy is necessary for all living organisms to perform their life processes. Living cells obtain energy in a different form and they also have the mechanisms to alter energy from one form to another form. ATP is known as the immediate “energy currency” of the cell. ATP is continually produced from ADP and inorganic phosphate through cellular respiration or photosynthesis.

Answer 6

Chapter 14, Problem 13Q

Summary Introduction

To calculate: The number of protons that have to flow across the inner mitochondrial membrane to synthesize one ATP molecule if the ΔG for the ATP synthesis under intracellular conditions is between 46 and 54 kJ/mole.

Introduction: ATP synthases are the membrane-bound enzyme complexes that participate in the ATP synthesis (forms ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate). The proton energy gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane provides energy for ATP synthesis.

Answer 7

Chapter 14, Problem 13Q

Summary Introduction

To calculate: The number of protons that have to flow across the inner mitochondrial membrane to synthesize one ATP molecule if the ΔG for the ATP synthesis under intracellular conditions is between 46 and 54 kJ/mole.

Introduction: ATP synthases are the membrane-bound enzyme complexes that participate in the ATP synthesis (forms ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate). The proton energy gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane provides energy for ATP synthesis.

Answer 8

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason that the range of ΔG value is not a precise number for ATP synthesis.

Introduction: ATP is synthesized in the F₁F₀ complex present in the mitochondria. The mitochondrial ATP synthase complexes are generally found in the inner mitochondrial membrane and helps in the generation of ATP for cellular processes.

Answer 9

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason that the range of ΔG value is not a precise number for ATP synthesis.

Introduction: ATP is synthesized in the F₁F₀ complex present in the mitochondria. The mitochondrial ATP synthase complexes are generally found in the inner mitochondrial membrane and helps in the generation of ATP for cellular processes.

Answer 10

Summary Introduction

To explain: Under which conditions would the lower value of ΔG be applied for ATP synthesis.

Introduction: Energy is necessary for all living organisms to perform their life processes. Living cells obtain energy in a different form and they also have the mechanisms to alter energy from one form to another form. ATP is known as the immediate “energy currency” of the cell. ATP is continually produced from ADP and inorganic phosphate through cellular respiration or photosynthesis.

Answer 11

Summary Introduction

To explain: Under which conditions would the lower value of ΔG be applied for ATP synthesis.

Introduction: Energy is necessary for all living organisms to perform their life processes. Living cells obtain energy in a different form and they also have the mechanisms to alter energy from one form to another form. ATP is known as the immediate “energy currency” of the cell. ATP is continually produced from ADP and inorganic phosphate through cellular respiration or photosynthesis.

Answer 12

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Answer 15

Ch. 14 - Prob. 1Q Ch. 14 - Prob. 2Q Ch. 14 - Prob. 3Q Ch. 14 - Prob. 4Q Ch. 14 - Prob. 5Q Ch. 14 - Prob. 6Q Ch. 14 - Prob. 7Q Ch. 14 - Prob. 8Q Ch. 14 - Prob. 9Q Ch. 14 - Prob. 10Q

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