Concept explainers
Tax Research. A study reported in The Accounting Review examined the separate and joint effects of two levels of time pressure (low and moderate) and three levels of knowledge (naive, declarative, and procedural) on key word selection behavior in tax research. Subjects were given a tax case containing a set of facts, a tax issue, and a key word index consisting of 1336 key words. They were asked to select the key words they believed would refer them to a tax authority relevant to resolving the tax case. Prior to the experiment, a group of tax experts determined that the text contained 19 relevant key words. Subjects in the naive group had little or no declarative or procedural knowledge, subjects in the declarative group had significant declarative knowledge but little or no procedural knowledge, and subjects in the procedural group had significant declarative knowledge and procedural knowledge. Declarative knowledge consists of knowledge of both the applicable tax rules and the technical terms used to describe such rules. Procedural knowledge is knowledge of the rules that guide the tax researcher’s search for relevant key words. Subjects in the low time pressure situation were told they had 25 minutes to complete the problem, an amount of time which should be “more than adequate” to complete the case: subjects in the moderate time pressure situation were told they would have “only” 11 minutes to complete the case. Suppose 25 subjects were selected for each of the six treatment combinations and the sample means for each treatment combination are as follows (standard deviations are in parentheses).
Use the ANOVA procedure to test for any significant differences due to time pressure, knowledge, and interaction. Use a .05 level of significance. Assume that the total sum of squares for this experiment is 327.50.
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Chapter 13 Solutions
Essentials Of Statistics For Business & Economics
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- Use the following to answer the questions below: The Gallup organization recently conducted a survey of 1,015 randomly selected U.S. adults about "Black Friday" shopping. They asked the following question: "As you know, the Friday after Thanksgiving is one of the biggest shopping days of the year. Looking ahead, do you personally plan on shopping on the Friday after Thanksgiving, or not?" Their results, broken down by gender, are summarized in the provided two-way table. Male Female Total Male Female Total Yes Shopping No Shopping Total 82 433 515 100 500 182 1,015 y to Edit Data and compute the expected cell counts for all cells. Report your counts to two decimal places. Ho. H Yes Shopping No Shopping Total 515 500 1015 182 400 833 Use the Chi-Square Test for Association, at the 5% level, to test if there is a significant association between gender and plans to shop the Friday after Thanksgiving. Include all details of your test. p-value= Conclusion: 833arrow_forwardSociologists argued that women on average earn less than men as women often choose to work less hours. They further suggest that the choice of hours worked may be driven by various factors such as age, childcare needs, occupation choice and flexibility. To investigate the relation between hours worked and income earned by Australian men and women, a researcher plans to survey a sample of individuals across the country. Briefly explain (using no more than 250 words in total for this question)a) What type of survey method the researcher could use and why?b) What sampling method could the researcher use to select his/her sample and why?c) What are the two main variables the researcher should consider collecting data for the purpose of the above analysis and why? Identify the data type(s) for the variables. d) What kind of issues the researcher may face in this data collection? Suppose a researcher has collected data from a sample of 65 individuals using the sampling method you have…arrow_forwardThe results of Accounting Principals' latest Workonomix survey indicate the average American worker spends $1092 on coffee annually (The Consumerist, January 20, 2012). To determine if there are any differences in coffee expenditures by age group, samples of 10 consumers were selected for three age groups (18-34, 35-44 and 45 and older). The dollar amount each consumer in the sample spent last year on coffee is provided below. 18-34 35-44 45+ 1355 969 1135 115 434 956 1456 1792 400 2045 1500 1374 1621 1277 1244 994 1056 825 1937 1922 763 1200 1350 1192 1567 1586 1305 1390 1415 1510 Required: 1. Compute the mean, variance, and standard deviation for each of these three samples. Note: Please provide a clear and understandable solutions and answers. Thank you!arrow_forward
- A report described teens' attitudes about traditional media, such as TV, movies, and newspapers. In a representative sample of American teenage girls, 42% said newspapers were boring. In a representative sample of American teenage boys, 45% said newspapers were boring. Sample sizes were not given in the report. A button hyperlink to the SALT program that reads: Use SALT. (a) Suppose that the percentages reported had been based on a sample of 50 girls and 40 boys. Is there convincing evidence that the proportion of those who think that newspapers are boring is different for teenage girls and boys? Carry out a hypothesis test using ? = 0.05. (Use pgirls − pboys.) Find the test statistic. (Round your answer to two decimal places.) z = Find the P-value. (Round your answer to four decimal places.) P-value = State your conclusion. Reject H0. We do not have convincing evidence that the proportion of girls who say that newspapers are boring is different from the proportion of boys who…arrow_forwardhe operations manager of a company that manufactures tires wants to determine whether there are any differences in the quality of workmanship among the three daily shifts. She randomly selects 499 tires and carefully inspects them. Each tire is either classified as perfect, satisfactory, or defective, and the shift that produced it is also recorded. The two categorical variables of interest are: shift and condition of the tire produced. The data can be summarized by the accompanying two-way table. Perfect Satisfactory Defective Total Shift 1 106 124 2 232 Shift 2 66 85 3 154 Shift 3 36 74 3 113 Total 208 283 8 499 A) This sample has degree of freedom:��= 4CorrectIf shift and quality are independent, thenB) With any expected count accurate to 2 decimal places, the expected count in row 1 column 1 is�1,1= 116.19IncorrectC) With any component accurate to 2 decimal places, the component value in row 1 column 1 of the table iscomponent1,1= 116.19IncorrectD) �2 value of…arrow_forwardsix 12arrow_forward
- Cyberbullying In 2018, the Pew Research Center did a study on cyberbullying. A sample of 743 teens were asked if they had ever experienced any of the below 6 types of cyberbullying while online or via their cellphone. Those who selected yes to one or more of these questions were considered to be a target of cyberbullying. (Source: Pew Research Center, September 2018, "A Majority of Teens Have Experienced Some Form of Cyberbullying") Offensive name-calling Spreading of false rumors Receiving explicit images they didn't ask for Constant asking of where they are, what they're doing, who they're with, by someone other than a parent Physical threats Having explicit images of them shared without their consent a.) A total of 438 of the sampled teens were considered a target of cyberbullying. Find a 92% confidence level for the proportion of all teens in the U.S. who are a target of cyberbullying. (Round answers to three decimal places.)margin of error: lower limit: upper limit:arrow_forwardCyberbullying In 2018, the Pew Research Center did a study on cyberbullying. A sample of 743 teens were asked if they had ever experienced any of the below 6 types of cyberbullying while online or via their cellphone. Those who selected yes to one or more of these questions were considered to be a target of cyberbullying. (Source: Pew Research Center, September 2018, "A Majority of Teens Have Experienced Some Form of Cyberbullying") Offensive name-calling Spreading of false rumors Receiving explicit images they didn't ask for Constant asking of where they are, what they're doing, who they're with, by someone other than a parent Physical threats Having explicit images of them shared without their consent a.) A total of 446 of the sampled teens were considered a target of cyberbullying. Find a 94% confidence level for the proportion of all teens in the U.S. who are a target of cyberbullying. (Round answers to three decimal places.)margin of error: lower limit: upper limit: b.) What…arrow_forwardBecause of the complex nature of the U.S. income tax system, many people have questions for the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). Yet an article published by the Detroit Free Press titled “Assistance: IRS Help Centers Give the Wrong Information” discusses the propensity of IRS staff employees to give incorrect tax information to taxpayers who call with questions. Then IRS Inspector General Pamela Gardiner told a Senate subcommittee that “the IRS employees at 400 taxpayer assistance centers nationwide encountered 8.5 million taxpayers face-to-face last year. The problem: When inspector general auditors posing as taxpayers asked them to answer tax questions, the answers were right 69% of the time.” Suppose an independent commission was formed to test whether the 0.69 accuracy rate is correct or whether it is actually higher or lower. The commission has randomly selected n = 180 tax returns that were completed by IRS assistance employees and found that 105 of the returns were…arrow_forward
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