Biology
Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 13.5, Problem 2TC
Summary Introduction

To determine: The result that would be observed when there are epigenetic tags on the insulin gene and their promoters are analyzed.

Introduction: Insulin is a hormone secreted by the pancreas, which permits the body to use glucose (sugar) from the carbohydrates in the food that an individual eats for energy or to store the glucose for future use. Insulin helps in regulating the blood sugar level in the body of an individual. The genes that are involved in the synthesis of the insulin protein are called insulin gene. Insulin hormone is usually secreted by the beta-cells of the pancreas.

Summary Introduction

To describe: The way in which an individual can normalize the insulin secretion in Type 2 diabetes.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus refers to a group of metabolic disorders in which the sugar level is high in the blood for a prolonged period. During this condition, the beta cells of the pancreas produce little or no insulin. Diabetes mellitus is classified into type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes.

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You aim to test the hypothesis that the Tbx4 and Tbx5 genes inhibit each other's expression during limb development. With access to chicken embryos and viruses capable of overexpressing Tbx4 and Tbx5, describe an experiment to investigate whether these genes suppress each other's expression in the limb buds. What results would you expect if they do repress each other? What results would you expect if they do not repress each other?
You decide to delete Fgf4 and Fgf8 specifically in the limb bud. Explain why you would not knock out these genes in the entire embryo instead.
You implant an FGF10-coated bead into the anterior flank of a chicken embryo, directly below the level of the wing bud. What is the phenotype of the resulting ectopic limb?  Briefly describe the expected expression domains of 1) Shh, 2) Tbx4, and 3) Tbx5 in the resulting ectopic limb bud.
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