A multistep synthesis of the given compounds from the given starting material has to be given. Concept introduction: Bromination: 2-methyl propane undergoes radical bromination which yields the 2-bromo-2-methylpropane.because bromination will occur where the tertiary radical is present. (bromination reactions are more selective reaction). Formation of epoxide : The alkene can be converted to epoxide when alkene is treated with MCPBA (m-chloro perbenzoic acid)

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 13.10, Problem 22P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A multistep synthesis of the given compounds from the given starting material has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

2-methyl propane undergoes radical bromination which yields the 2-bromo-2-methylpropane.because bromination will occur where the tertiary radical is present. (bromination reactions are more selective reaction).

Formation of epoxide:

The alkene can be converted to epoxide when alkene is treated with MCPBA (m-chloro perbenzoic acid)

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A multistep synthesis of the given compounds from the given starting material has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

2-methyl propane undergoes radical bromination which yields the 2-bromo-2-methylpropane.because bromination will occur where the tertiary radical is present. (bromination reactions are more selective reaction).

Oxidation of alcohol:

Alcohols reacts with hypochlorous (oxidizing agent) in the presence of acetic acid which yields the corresponding aldehyde and ketones.

Primary alcohols gives aldehyde, secondary alcohols gives ketone.

SN2 reaction:

The alcohols reacts with acids like hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic acid, the bromine atom attacks back side of the carbon atoms which is bearing alcohol group and yields the corresponding product.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A multistep synthesis of the given compounds from the given starting material has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

2-methyl propane undergoes radical bromination which yields the 2-bromo-2-methylpropane.because bromination will occur where the tertiary radical is present. (bromination reactions are more selective reaction).

Oxidation of alcohol:

Alcohols reacts with hypochlorous (oxidizing agent) in the presence of acetic acid and yields the corresponding aldehyde and ketones.

Primary alcohols gives aldehyde, secondary alcohols gives ketone.

S_N2 reaction:

The alcohols reacts with acids like hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic acid, the bromine atom attacks back side of the carbon atoms which is bearing alcohol group and yields the corresponding product.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A multistep synthesis of the given compounds from the given starting material has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

2-methyl propane undergoes radical bromination which yields the 2-bromo-2-methylpropane.because bromination will occur where the tertiary radical is present. (bromination reactions are more selective reaction).

Formation of epoxide:

The alkene can be converted to epoxide when alkene is treated with MCPBA (m-chloro perbenzoic acid)

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(c) The following data have been obtained for the hydrolysis of sucrose, C12H22O11, to glucose, C6H12O6, and fructose C6H12O6, in acidic solution: C12H22O11 + H2O → C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 [sucrose]/mol dm³ t/min 0 0.316 14 0.300 39 0.274 60 0.256 80 0.238 110 0.211 (i) Graphically prove the order of the reaction and determine the rate constant of the reaction. (ii) Determine the half-life, t½ for the hydrolysis of sucrose.

(III) adsorbent (b) Adsorption of the hexacyanoferrate (III) ion, [Fe(CN)6] ³, on y-Al2O3 from aqueous solution was examined. The adsorption was modelled using a modified Langmuir isotherm, yielding the following values of Kat pH = 6.5: (ii) T/K 10-10 K 280 2.505 295 1.819 310 1.364 325 1.050 Determine the enthalpy of adsorption, AadsHⓇ. If the reported value of entropy of adsorption, Aads Se = 146 J K-1 mol-1 under the above conditions, determine Aads Gº.

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Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 13.10, Problem 22P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A multistep synthesis of the given compounds from the given starting material has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

2-methyl propane undergoes radical bromination which yields the 2-bromo-2-methylpropane.because bromination will occur where the tertiary radical is present. (bromination reactions are more selective reaction).

Formation of epoxide:

The alkene can be converted to epoxide when alkene is treated with MCPBA (m-chloro perbenzoic acid)

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A multistep synthesis of the given compounds from the given starting material has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

2-methyl propane undergoes radical bromination which yields the 2-bromo-2-methylpropane.because bromination will occur where the tertiary radical is present. (bromination reactions are more selective reaction).

Oxidation of alcohol:

Alcohols reacts with hypochlorous (oxidizing agent) in the presence of acetic acid which yields the corresponding aldehyde and ketones.

Primary alcohols gives aldehyde, secondary alcohols gives ketone.

SN2 reaction:

The alcohols reacts with acids like hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic acid, the bromine atom attacks back side of the carbon atoms which is bearing alcohol group and yields the corresponding product.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A multistep synthesis of the given compounds from the given starting material has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

2-methyl propane undergoes radical bromination which yields the 2-bromo-2-methylpropane.because bromination will occur where the tertiary radical is present. (bromination reactions are more selective reaction).

Oxidation of alcohol:

Alcohols reacts with hypochlorous (oxidizing agent) in the presence of acetic acid and yields the corresponding aldehyde and ketones.

Primary alcohols gives aldehyde, secondary alcohols gives ketone.

S_N2 reaction:

The alcohols reacts with acids like hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic acid, the bromine atom attacks back side of the carbon atoms which is bearing alcohol group and yields the corresponding product.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A multistep synthesis of the given compounds from the given starting material has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

2-methyl propane undergoes radical bromination which yields the 2-bromo-2-methylpropane.because bromination will occur where the tertiary radical is present. (bromination reactions are more selective reaction).

Formation of epoxide:

The alkene can be converted to epoxide when alkene is treated with MCPBA (m-chloro perbenzoic acid)

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 13.10, Problem 22P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A multistep synthesis of the given compounds from the given starting material has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

2-methyl propane undergoes radical bromination which yields the 2-bromo-2-methylpropane.because bromination will occur where the tertiary radical is present. (bromination reactions are more selective reaction).

Formation of epoxide:

The alkene can be converted to epoxide when alkene is treated with MCPBA (m-chloro perbenzoic acid)

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A multistep synthesis of the given compounds from the given starting material has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

2-methyl propane undergoes radical bromination which yields the 2-bromo-2-methylpropane.because bromination will occur where the tertiary radical is present. (bromination reactions are more selective reaction).

Oxidation of alcohol:

Alcohols reacts with hypochlorous (oxidizing agent) in the presence of acetic acid which yields the corresponding aldehyde and ketones.

Primary alcohols gives aldehyde, secondary alcohols gives ketone.

SN2 reaction:

The alcohols reacts with acids like hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic acid, the bromine atom attacks back side of the carbon atoms which is bearing alcohol group and yields the corresponding product.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A multistep synthesis of the given compounds from the given starting material has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

2-methyl propane undergoes radical bromination which yields the 2-bromo-2-methylpropane.because bromination will occur where the tertiary radical is present. (bromination reactions are more selective reaction).

Oxidation of alcohol:

Alcohols reacts with hypochlorous (oxidizing agent) in the presence of acetic acid and yields the corresponding aldehyde and ketones.

Primary alcohols gives aldehyde, secondary alcohols gives ketone.

S_N2 reaction:

The alcohols reacts with acids like hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic acid, the bromine atom attacks back side of the carbon atoms which is bearing alcohol group and yields the corresponding product.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A multistep synthesis of the given compounds from the given starting material has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

2-methyl propane undergoes radical bromination which yields the 2-bromo-2-methylpropane.because bromination will occur where the tertiary radical is present. (bromination reactions are more selective reaction).

Formation of epoxide:

The alkene can be converted to epoxide when alkene is treated with MCPBA (m-chloro perbenzoic acid)

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 13.10, Problem 22P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A multistep synthesis of the given compounds from the given starting material has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

2-methyl propane undergoes radical bromination which yields the 2-bromo-2-methylpropane.because bromination will occur where the tertiary radical is present. (bromination reactions are more selective reaction).

Formation of epoxide:

The alkene can be converted to epoxide when alkene is treated with MCPBA (m-chloro perbenzoic acid)

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A multistep synthesis of the given compounds from the given starting material has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

2-methyl propane undergoes radical bromination which yields the 2-bromo-2-methylpropane.because bromination will occur where the tertiary radical is present. (bromination reactions are more selective reaction).

Oxidation of alcohol:

Alcohols reacts with hypochlorous (oxidizing agent) in the presence of acetic acid which yields the corresponding aldehyde and ketones.

Primary alcohols gives aldehyde, secondary alcohols gives ketone.

SN2 reaction:

The alcohols reacts with acids like hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic acid, the bromine atom attacks back side of the carbon atoms which is bearing alcohol group and yields the corresponding product.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A multistep synthesis of the given compounds from the given starting material has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

2-methyl propane undergoes radical bromination which yields the 2-bromo-2-methylpropane.because bromination will occur where the tertiary radical is present. (bromination reactions are more selective reaction).

Oxidation of alcohol:

Alcohols reacts with hypochlorous (oxidizing agent) in the presence of acetic acid and yields the corresponding aldehyde and ketones.

Primary alcohols gives aldehyde, secondary alcohols gives ketone.

S_N2 reaction:

The alcohols reacts with acids like hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic acid, the bromine atom attacks back side of the carbon atoms which is bearing alcohol group and yields the corresponding product.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A multistep synthesis of the given compounds from the given starting material has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

2-methyl propane undergoes radical bromination which yields the 2-bromo-2-methylpropane.because bromination will occur where the tertiary radical is present. (bromination reactions are more selective reaction).

Formation of epoxide:

The alkene can be converted to epoxide when alkene is treated with MCPBA (m-chloro perbenzoic acid)

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 5

Chapter 13.10, Problem 22P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A multistep synthesis of the given compounds from the given starting material has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

2-methyl propane undergoes radical bromination which yields the 2-bromo-2-methylpropane.because bromination will occur where the tertiary radical is present. (bromination reactions are more selective reaction).

Formation of epoxide:

The alkene can be converted to epoxide when alkene is treated with MCPBA (m-chloro perbenzoic acid)

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A multistep synthesis of the given compounds from the given starting material has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

2-methyl propane undergoes radical bromination which yields the 2-bromo-2-methylpropane.because bromination will occur where the tertiary radical is present. (bromination reactions are more selective reaction).

Oxidation of alcohol:

Alcohols reacts with hypochlorous (oxidizing agent) in the presence of acetic acid which yields the corresponding aldehyde and ketones.

Primary alcohols gives aldehyde, secondary alcohols gives ketone.

SN2 reaction:

The alcohols reacts with acids like hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic acid, the bromine atom attacks back side of the carbon atoms which is bearing alcohol group and yields the corresponding product.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A multistep synthesis of the given compounds from the given starting material has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

2-methyl propane undergoes radical bromination which yields the 2-bromo-2-methylpropane.because bromination will occur where the tertiary radical is present. (bromination reactions are more selective reaction).

Oxidation of alcohol:

Alcohols reacts with hypochlorous (oxidizing agent) in the presence of acetic acid and yields the corresponding aldehyde and ketones.

Primary alcohols gives aldehyde, secondary alcohols gives ketone.

S_N2 reaction:

The alcohols reacts with acids like hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic acid, the bromine atom attacks back side of the carbon atoms which is bearing alcohol group and yields the corresponding product.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A multistep synthesis of the given compounds from the given starting material has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

2-methyl propane undergoes radical bromination which yields the 2-bromo-2-methylpropane.because bromination will occur where the tertiary radical is present. (bromination reactions are more selective reaction).

Formation of epoxide:

The alkene can be converted to epoxide when alkene is treated with MCPBA (m-chloro perbenzoic acid)

Answer 6

Chapter 13.10, Problem 22P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A multistep synthesis of the given compounds from the given starting material has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

2-methyl propane undergoes radical bromination which yields the 2-bromo-2-methylpropane.because bromination will occur where the tertiary radical is present. (bromination reactions are more selective reaction).

Formation of epoxide:

The alkene can be converted to epoxide when alkene is treated with MCPBA (m-chloro perbenzoic acid)

Answer 7

Chapter 13.10, Problem 22P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A multistep synthesis of the given compounds from the given starting material has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

2-methyl propane undergoes radical bromination which yields the 2-bromo-2-methylpropane.because bromination will occur where the tertiary radical is present. (bromination reactions are more selective reaction).

Formation of epoxide:

The alkene can be converted to epoxide when alkene is treated with MCPBA (m-chloro perbenzoic acid)

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A multistep synthesis of the given compounds from the given starting material has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

2-methyl propane undergoes radical bromination which yields the 2-bromo-2-methylpropane.because bromination will occur where the tertiary radical is present. (bromination reactions are more selective reaction).

Oxidation of alcohol:

Alcohols reacts with hypochlorous (oxidizing agent) in the presence of acetic acid which yields the corresponding aldehyde and ketones.

Primary alcohols gives aldehyde, secondary alcohols gives ketone.

SN2 reaction:

The alcohols reacts with acids like hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic acid, the bromine atom attacks back side of the carbon atoms which is bearing alcohol group and yields the corresponding product.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A multistep synthesis of the given compounds from the given starting material has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

2-methyl propane undergoes radical bromination which yields the 2-bromo-2-methylpropane.because bromination will occur where the tertiary radical is present. (bromination reactions are more selective reaction).

Oxidation of alcohol:

Alcohols reacts with hypochlorous (oxidizing agent) in the presence of acetic acid which yields the corresponding aldehyde and ketones.

Primary alcohols gives aldehyde, secondary alcohols gives ketone.

SN2 reaction:

The alcohols reacts with acids like hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic acid, the bromine atom attacks back side of the carbon atoms which is bearing alcohol group and yields the corresponding product.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A multistep synthesis of the given compounds from the given starting material has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

2-methyl propane undergoes radical bromination which yields the 2-bromo-2-methylpropane.because bromination will occur where the tertiary radical is present. (bromination reactions are more selective reaction).

Oxidation of alcohol:

Alcohols reacts with hypochlorous (oxidizing agent) in the presence of acetic acid and yields the corresponding aldehyde and ketones.

Primary alcohols gives aldehyde, secondary alcohols gives ketone.

S_N2 reaction:

The alcohols reacts with acids like hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic acid, the bromine atom attacks back side of the carbon atoms which is bearing alcohol group and yields the corresponding product.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A multistep synthesis of the given compounds from the given starting material has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

2-methyl propane undergoes radical bromination which yields the 2-bromo-2-methylpropane.because bromination will occur where the tertiary radical is present. (bromination reactions are more selective reaction).

Oxidation of alcohol:

Alcohols reacts with hypochlorous (oxidizing agent) in the presence of acetic acid and yields the corresponding aldehyde and ketones.

Primary alcohols gives aldehyde, secondary alcohols gives ketone.

S_N2 reaction:

The alcohols reacts with acids like hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic acid, the bromine atom attacks back side of the carbon atoms which is bearing alcohol group and yields the corresponding product.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A multistep synthesis of the given compounds from the given starting material has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

2-methyl propane undergoes radical bromination which yields the 2-bromo-2-methylpropane.because bromination will occur where the tertiary radical is present. (bromination reactions are more selective reaction).

Formation of epoxide:

The alkene can be converted to epoxide when alkene is treated with MCPBA (m-chloro perbenzoic acid)

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A multistep synthesis of the given compounds from the given starting material has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Bromination:

2-methyl propane undergoes radical bromination which yields the 2-bromo-2-methylpropane.because bromination will occur where the tertiary radical is present. (bromination reactions are more selective reaction).

Formation of epoxide:

The alkene can be converted to epoxide when alkene is treated with MCPBA (m-chloro perbenzoic acid)

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 1P Ch. 13.2 - Write the steps for formation of...Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 3P Ch. 13.4 - Prob. 4P Ch. 13.5 - Prob. 7P Ch. 13.5 - a. Would chlorination or bromination produce a...Ch. 13.5 - Prob. 10P Ch. 13.6 - Prob. 11P Ch. 13.7 - Prob. 12P Ch. 13.7 - Prob. 13P

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