UNDERSTANDING THE UNIVERSE(LL)-W/CODE
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780393869903
Author: PALEN
Publisher: NORTON
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Chapter 13.1, Problem 13.1CYU
To determine
The reason for layers on the interior of star.
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Select all of the statements about the main sequence stage in the life of a star that are TRUE:
All stars spend the majority of their lives in the main sequence stage.
Most stars lose a significant amount of mass while they are on the Main Sequence.
Different stars spend a different amounts of time (number of years) in the main sequence stage, depending on the characteristics they were born with.
Main sequence stars are rare in the Galaxy, so we are lucky to be living around one.
During the main sequence stage, energy to power the star is provided by the fusion of hydrogen.
Stars found on the main sequence of a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram share certain features not shared by other stars. What are these
features?
A Stars on the main sequence of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram are all roughly the same radius.
Stars on the main sequence of a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram do not produce heavy elements like iron.
Stars on the main sequence of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram have an orderly arrangement of stellar masses, decreasing in mass
from lower right to upper left.
Stars on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram main sequence have roughly the same age.
Stars on the main sequence of a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram all generate energy from nuclear fusion.
B
D
E
F)
None of the mentioned choices.
4
Using solar units, we find that a star has 4 times the luminosity of the Sun, a mass 1.25 times the mass of the Sun, and a surface temperature of 4090 K (take the Sun's surface temperature to be 5784 K for the sake of this problem). This means the star has a radius of.................... solar radii and is a .................... star (use the classification).
Chapter 13 Solutions
UNDERSTANDING THE UNIVERSE(LL)-W/CODE
Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 13.1CYUCh. 13.2 - Prob. 13.2CYUCh. 13.3 - Prob. 13.3CYUCh. 13.4 - Prob. 13.4CYUCh. 13.5 - Prob. 13.5CYUCh. 13.6 - Prob. 13.6CYUCh. 13 - Prob. 1QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 2QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 3QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 4QAP
Ch. 13 - Prob. 5QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 6QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 7QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 8QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 9QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 10QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 11QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 12QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 13QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 14QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 15QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 16QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 17QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 18QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 19QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 20QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 21QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 22QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 23QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 24QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 26QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 27QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 28QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 29QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 30QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 31QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 32QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 33QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 35QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 36QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 37QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 38QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 39QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 40QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 41QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 43QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 44QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 45QAP
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- Describe the evolution of a star with a mass similar to that of the Sun, from the protostar stage to the time it first becomes a red giant. Give the description in words and then sketch the evolution on an HR diagram.arrow_forwardA star begins its life with a mass of 5 MSunbut ends its life as a white dwarf with a mass of 0.8 MSun. List the stages in the star’s life during which it most likely lost some of the mass it started with. How did mass loss occur in each stage?arrow_forwardDescribe what happens when a star forms. Begin with a dense core of material in a molecular cloud and trace the evolution up to the time the newly formed star reaches the main sequence.arrow_forward
- Before the star that became SN 1987A exploded, it evolved from a red supergiant to a blue supergiant while remaining at the same luminosity. As a red supergiant, its surface temperature would have been approximately 4000 K, while as a blue supergiant, its surface temperature was 16,000 K. How much did the radius change as it evolved from a red to a blue supergiant?arrow_forwardAll massive main sequence stars reside in clouds of glowing gas. The four powerful stars in the center of the Orion Nebula are good examples. Lower mass stars like the Sun generally don't have clouds of gas around them. a. Why do powerful stars reside in gas clouds? b. What is making the gas glow exactly? For the last question, refer to the surface temperature of these stars, and to Wien's Law.arrow_forwardA Crude Analysis: In about 5 billion years, the Sun is going to look a lot different. Our sun is going to turn into a red-giant, a bigger star whose core temperature is much higher than the Sun's current core temperature (you will learn about the red giants in the coming weeks). Assume the core temperature of the red-giant phase of the Sun does not go beyond 100 million degrees. Do you think the temperature is high enough for helium fusion to occur? Note that this question is about helium fusion not hydrogen fusion. How are you going about proving your claim? Question: What temperature in degrees Kelvin must the red-giant sun be at to allow for the helium-helium interactions to take place not considering the Quantum Mechanical effects (i.e. what temperature would allow helium atoms to breach the helium-helium potential wall without help from Quantum Mechanics)? Use wolfram alpha to find the values for the constants. Round your answer to two decimal places. Your answer i [ Select ] 1.47…arrow_forward
- The mass-luminosity relation describes the mathematical relationship between luminosity and mass for main sequence stars. It describes how a star with a mass of 4 M⊙ would have a luminosity of ______ L⊙. If a star has a radius 1/2 that of the Sun and a temperature 4 that of the Sun, how many times higher is the star's luminosity than that of the Sun? (If it is smaller by a factor of 8, you would write 0.125 because 1/8=0.125) If a star has a radius 2 times larger than the Sun's and a luminosity 1/4th that of the Sun, how many times higher is the star's temperature than that of the Sun? (If it is smaller by a factor of 8, you would write 0.125 because 1/8=0.125) If a star has a surface temperature 2 times lower than the Sun's and a luminosity the same as the Sun, how many times larger is the star than the Sun? (If it is smaller by a factor of 8, you would write 0.125 because 1/8=0.125)arrow_forward. The radius of the nebula is about 0.401 light-years. The gas is expanding away from the star at a rate of about 37 kilometers/second . Considering that distance = velocity x time, calculate how long ago the gas left the star if its speed has been constant the whole time. Make sure you use consistent units for time, speed, and distance. Answer in years.arrow_forwardThe initial stage of star formation is a free-fall collapse. This switches over to a more gradual collapse when: nuclear fusion begins in the core of the cloud. hydrogen in the cloud is completely ionized. convection sets in below the surface of the young star. the cloud becomes opaque to its own radiation.arrow_forward
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