Chapter 13, Problem 8RQ

A Pitot tube is a device used to measure the velocity of a fluid, typically, the airspeed of an aircraft. The failure of a pitot tube is credited as the cause of Austral Lines Aéreas flight 2553 crash in October 1997. The pitot tube had frozen, causing the instrument to give a false reading of slowing speed. As a result, the pilots thought the plane was slowing down, so they increased the speed and tried to maintain their attitude by lowering the wing slats. Actually, they were flying at such a high speed that one of the slats ripped off, causing the plane to nosedive, the plane crashed at a speed 745 miles per hour.

In the pitot tube, as the fluid moves, the velocity creates a pressure difference between the ends of a small tube. The tubes are calibrated to relate the pressure measured to a specific velocity. This velocity is a function of the pressure difference (P, in units of pascals) and the density of the fluid (ρ in units of kilograms per cubic meter)

$\upsilon ={\left(\frac{2}{\rho }\right)}^{0.5}{P}^m$

Fluid	Specific Gravity
Acetone	0.79
Citric acid	1.67
Glycerin	1.26
Mineral Oil	0.90

1. a. Show the resulting data trendline, with equation and R² value, on the appropriate graph type (xy scatter, semilog, or log–log) to make the data appear linear.
2. b. Determine the value and units of the density for each data set using the trendline equation.
3. c. From the chart at left, match each data set (A, B) with the correct fluid name according to the results of the density determined from the trendlines.