Problem 1PE: The iodate ion reacts with sulfite ions in the reaction IO3-+3SO32-I-+3SO42- At what rate are the... Problem 2PE: Hydrogen sulfide burns in oxygen ro form sulfur dioxide and water. If sulfur dioxide is being formed... Problem 3PE: Use the graph in Figure 13.5 to estimate the rare of reaction with respect to HI at 2.00 minutes... Problem 4PE: Practice Exercise 13.4 Use the graph in Figure 13.5 to estimate the rate of reaction with respect to... Problem 5PE Problem 6PE: The rate law for the decomposition of HItoI2andH2 is rate=k[HI]2 At 508C, the rate of the reaction... Problem 7PE: The reaction, BrO3-+3SO32-Br-+3SO42- has the rate law rate=k[BrO3][SO32] What is the order of the... Problem 8PE: Practice Exercise 13.8
A certain reaction has an experimental rate law that is found to be second... Problem 9PE: Practice Exercise 13.9
For the reaction of with bromine, the balanced chemical equation is
and the... Problem 10PE: Use the data from the other four experiments in Table 113.3 to calculate k for this reaction. What... Problem 11PE: Practice Exercise 13.11
Use the rate law determined in Practice Exercise 13.10 to describe what will... Problem 12PE: The following reaction is investigated to determine its rate Law: 2A(g)+2B(g)C(s)+2D(g) Experiments... Problem 13PE: Ordinary sucrose (table sugar) reacts with water in an acidic solution to produce two simpler... Problem 14PE: Practice Exercise 13.14 A certain reaction has the following equation: A+BC+D. Experiments yielded... Problem 15PE: When designing a consumer product, it is desirable that it have a two-year shelf life. Often this... Problem 16PE: Practice Exercise 13.16
In Practice Exercise 13.13, the reaction of sucrose with water in an acidic... Problem 17PE: Practice Exercise 13.17
In Practice Exercise 13.13, the reaction of sucrose with water was found to... Problem 18PE:
Practice Exercise 13.15
From the answer to Practice Exercise 13.15, determine the half-life of an... Problem 19PE: Practice Exercise 13.19 The radioactive isotope, phosphorus-32, has a half-life of 14.26 days. What... Problem 20PE Problem 21PE Problem 22PE: For the reaction in Example 13.10, determine how many minutes it would take for the NOCl... Problem 23PE: Practice Exercise 13.23
A sample of nitrosyl chloride was collected for analysis at 10:35 am. At... Problem 24PE: Practice Exercise 13.24
The reaction is second order with respect to . If the initial concentration... Problem 25PE: Suppose that the value of t1/2 for a certain reaction was found to be independent of the initial... Problem 26PE: The reaction CH3I+HICH4+I2 was observed to have rare constants... Problem 27PE: Practice Exercise 13.27
Ozone decomposes to form oxygen molecules and oxygen atoms, , in the upper... Problem 28PE Problem 29PE: Practice Exercise 13.29
Select the reactions below that may be elementary processes. For those nor... Problem 30PE: Ozone, O3, reacts with nitric oxide, NO, to form nitrogen dioxide and oxygen: NO+O3NO2+O2 This is... Problem 31PE: Practice Exercise 13.31
The mechanism for the decomposition of NO2Cl is
What would the predicted... Problem 1RQ: Why are chemical reactions usually carried out in solution? Problem 2RQ: 13.2 Give an example from everyday experience of (a) a very fast reaction, (b) a moderately fast... Problem 3RQ: 13.3 What is a homogeneous reaction? What is a heterogeneous reaction? Give examples.
Problem 4RQ: How does particle size affect the rate of a heterogeneous reaction? Why? Problem 5RQ Problem 6RQ: 13.6 The rate of hardening of epoxy glue depends on the amount of hardener that is mixed into the... Problem 7RQ: 13.7 A PolaroidTM instant photograph develops faster if it’s kept warm than if it is exposed to... Problem 8RQ Problem 9RQ: 13.9 Persons who have been submerged in very cold water and who are believed to have drowned... Problem 10RQ: How does an instantaneous rate of reaction differ from an average rate of reaction? Problem 11RQ: What is the difference between the rate of reaction and the reaction rate with respect to one... Problem 12RQ: Explain how the initial instantaneous rate of reaction can he determined from experimental... Problem 13RQ: 13.13 What are the units of reaction rate? What is the sign of a reaction rate?
Problem 14RQ: 13.14 Describe how to determine the instantaneous rate of chemical change. What data do you need and... Problem 15RQ: What are the units of the rate constant for (a) a first- order reaction, (b) a second-order... Problem 16RQ Problem 17RQ Problem 18RQ: If the concentration of a reactant is doubled and the reaction rate is unchanged, what must be the... Problem 19RQ: If the concentration of a reactant is doubled and the reaction rare doubles, what must be the order... Problem 20RQ: If the concentration of a reactant is doubled, by what factor will the rate increase if the reaction... Problem 21RQ: In an experiment, the concentration of a reactant was tripled. The rate increased by a factor of 27.... Problem 22RQ: Biological reactions usually involve the interaction of an enzyme with a substrate, the substance... Problem 23RQ: Rearrange the integrated rate equations for (a) a first- order reaction, (b) a second-order... Problem 24RQ: 13.24 How is the half-life of a first-order reaction affected by the initial concentration of the... Problem 25RQ: 13.25 How is the half-life of a second-order reaction affected by the initial reactant... Problem 26RQ: How is the half-life of a zero-order reaction affected by the initial reactant concentration? Problem 27RQ: 13.27 Derive the equations for for first- and second-order reactions from Equations 13.7 and 13.11... Problem 28RQ: 13.28 The integrated rate law for a zero-order reaction is
Derive an equation for the half-life of... Problem 29RQ: Which of the following graphs represents the data collected for a first-order reaction? A... Problem 30RQ: 13.30 What is the basic postulate of collision theory?
Problem 31RQ: What two factors influence the effectiveness of molecular collisions in producing chemical change? Problem 32RQ: In terms of the kinetic theory, why does an increase in temperature increase the reaction rate? Problem 33RQ Problem 34RQ Problem 35RQ: Draw a potential energy diagram for an exothermic reaction and indicate on the diagram the location... Problem 36RQ: 13.36 Some might say that the “transition state theory tries to describe what happens from the... Problem 37RQ: What is the activation energy? How is the activation energy related to the rate of a reaction? Problem 38RQ: 13.38 The decomposition of carbon dioxide,
has an activation energy of approximately 460 kJ/mol.... Problem 39RQ: 13.39 Draw the potential energy diagram for an endothermic reaction. Indicate on the diagram the... Problem 40RQ: What is the definition of an elementary process? How are elementary processes related to the... Problem 41RQ: What is a rate-determining step? Problem 42RQ: What is an intermediate in the context of reaction mechanisms? Problem 43RQ: Free radicals are discussed in Chemistry Outside the Classroom 13.1. What is a free radical? Why are... Problem 44RQ: Suppose we compared two reactions, one requiring the simultaneous collision of three molecules and... Problem 45RQ: In what way is the rate law for a reaction related to the rate-determining step? Problem 46RQ: How does an elementary process relate to (a) the rate law for that process, (b) the rate law for a... Problem 47RQ: How does a catalyst increase the rate of a chemical reaction? Problem 48RQ: 13.48 What is a homogeneous catalyst? How does it function, in general terms?
Problem 49RQ: What is the purpose of the catalytic converter that most automobiles use today? Is the catalyst... Problem 50RQ: Tell how you would recognize a catalyst in a description of a chemical process or experimental... Problem 51RQ Problem 52RQ: Why should leaded gasoline not be used in cars equipped with catalytic converters? Problem 53RQ: The following data were collected at a certain temperature for the decomposition of sulfuryl... Problem 54RQ: 13.54 The following data were collected for the decomposition of acetaldehyde. , (used in the... Problem 55RQ: For the reaction, 2A+B3C, it was found that the rate of disappearance of B was 0.30molL-1s-1. What... Problem 56RQ: In the reaction, 3H2+N22NH3, how does the rate of disappearance of hydrogen compare to the rate of... Problem 57RQ: In the combustion of hexane (a low-boiling component of gasoline),... Problem 58RQ: At a certain moment in the reaction 2N2O54NO2+O2 N2O5 is decomposing at a rate of 2.510-6molL-1s-1.... Problem 59RQ: Consider the reaction, CH3Cl(g)+3Cl2(g)CCl4(g)+3HCl(g) (a) Express the rate of the reaction with... Problem 60RQ: 13.60 The decomposition of phosphine, a very toxic gas, forms phosphorus and hydrogen in the... Problem 61RQ: 13.61 Estimate the rate of the reaction,
given that rate law for the reaction at is rate
The... Problem 62RQ: 13.62 Estimate the rate of the reaction,
given the rate law for the reaction is
for neutral water,... Problem 63RQ: The oxidation of NO (released in small amounts in the exhaust of automobiles) produces the... Problem 64RQ: The rate law for the decomposition of N2O5 is rate k[N2O5].Ifk=1.010-5s-1, what is the reaction rate... Problem 65RQ: The rate law for a certain enzymatic reaction is zero order with respect to the substrate. The rate... Problem 66RQ: 13.66 Radon-220 is radioactive, and decays into polonium-216 by emitting an alpha particle. This is... Problem 67RQ: The following data were collected for the reaction M+NP+Q:: Initial Concentrations (molL-1)[M][N]... Problem 68RQ: Cyclopropane, C3H6, is a gas used as a general anesthetic. It undergoes a slow molecular... Problem 69RQ: 13.69 The reaction of iodide ion with hypochlorite ion, (the active ingredient in a “chlorine... Problem 70RQ: 13.70 The formation of small amounts of nitrogen oxide, NO, in automobile engines is the first step... Problem 71RQ: At a certain temperature, the following data were collected for the reaction, 2ICl+H2I2+2HCl:... Problem 72RQ: The following data were obtained for the reaction of (CH3)3CBr with hydroxide ion at 55C.... Problem 73RQ: Data for the decomposition of SO2Cl2 according to the equation SO2Cl2(g)SO2(g)+Cl2(g), were given in... Problem 74RQ Problem 75RQ: The decomposition of SO2Cl2 described in Problem 13.53 has a first-order rate constant, k=2.210-5s-1... Problem 76RQ: 13.76 The decomposition of acetaldehyde, was described in Problem 13.54, and the order of the... Problem 77RQ: If it takes 75.0 min for the concentration of a reactant to drop to 25.0% of its initial value in a... Problem 78RQ: It takes 15.4 minutes for the concentration of a reactant to drop to 5.0% of its initial value in a... Problem 79RQ: The concentration of a drug in the body is often expressed in units of milligrams per kilogram of... Problem 80RQ: 13.80 Phosphine, , decomposes into phosphorus, , and hydrogen at , as described in Problem 13.60. If... Problem 81RQ: Hydrogen iodide decomposes according to the equation, 2HI(g)H2(g)+I2(g) The reaction is second order... Problem 82RQ: 13.82 The reaction of to form is second order:
The rate constant is at some temperature. If the... Problem 83RQ: Using the information determined in Problem 13.79, calculate what the initial dose of the drug must... Problem 84RQ: The second-order rate constant for the decomposition of HI at 750C was given in Problem 13.81. At... Problem 85RQ: The half-life of a certain first-order reaction is 15 minutes. What fraction of the original... Problem 86RQ: Strontium-90 has a half-life of 28 years. How long will it take for all of the strontium-90... Problem 87RQ: 13.87 Using the graph from Problem 13.53, determine the time required for the concentration to drop... Problem 88RQ: Using the graph from Problem 13.54, determine how long it takes for the CH3CHO concentration to... Problem 89RQ: Hydrogen peroxide, which decomposes in a first-order reaction, has a half-life of 10 hours in air.... Problem 90RQ: SO2Cl2 decomposes in a first-order process with a half life of 4.88103s. If the original... Problem 91RQ Problem 92RQ: A tree killed by being buried under volcanic ash was found to have a ratio of carbon-14 atoms to... Problem 93RQ Problem 94RQ Problem 95RQ: The following data were collected for a reaction: Rate Constant (L mol-1 s_1 ) Temperature (C)... Problem 96RQ: Rate constants were measured at various temperatures for the reaction, HI(g)+CH3I(g)CH4(g)+I2(g).... Problem 97RQ: NOCl decomposes as: 2NOC12NO+Cl2,andhask=9.310-5Lmolls1at100Candk=1.010-3Lmol-1s-1at130C. What is Ea... Problem 98RQ: 13.98. The conversion of cyclopropane, an anesthetic, to propylene (see Problem 13.68) has a rate... Problem 99RQ: The decomposition of N2O5 has an activation energy of 103kJ/mol and a frequency factor of... Problem 100RQ: At 35C, the rate constant for the reaction C12H22O11+H2OC6H12O6+C6H12O6 Sucrose glucose fructose is... Problem 101RQ: The oxidation of NO to NO2, one of the reactions in the production of smog, appears to involve... Problem 102RQ: A reaction has the following mechanism: 2NON2O2N2O2+H2N2O+H2ON2O+H2N2+H2O What is the net overall... Problem 103RQ: If the reaction NO2+CONO+CO2 occured by a one-step collision process, what would be the expected... Problem 104RQ: If the reaction 2NO2(g)+F2(g)2NO2F(g) occurred by a one-step process, what would be the expected... Problem 105RQ: Consider the general reaction AB+CAC+B If this reaction occurs in one step, what would be the... Problem 106RQ: Nitrogen dioxide reacts with carbon monoxide to produce nitrogen monoxide and carbon dioxide in the... Problem 107RQ: 13.107. The oxidation of nitrogen monoxide with oxygen to nitrogen dioxide has a possible mechanism... Problem 108RQ: The reaction of chloroform and chlorine forms carbon tetrachloride and hydrogen chloride in the... Problem 109RQ: The following data were collected for the reaction of cyclobutane, C4H8(g), to form ethylene,... Problem 110RQ: The age of wine can be determined by measuring the trace amount of radioactive tritium, 3H, present... Problem 111RQ: 13.111 On the following graph, label the products, reactant, , the energy of activation and the... Problem 112RQ: Carbon-14 dating can be used to estimate the age of formerly living materials because the uptake of... Problem 113RQ: *13.113 What percentage of cesium chloride made from cesium-137 remains after 150 years? What... Problem 114RQ: For the following reactions, predict how the rate of the reaction will change as the concentration... Problem 115RQ: One of the reactions that occurs in polluted air in urban areas is 2NO2(g)+O5(g)N2O5(g)+O2(g). It is... Problem 116RQ: * 13.116 Suppose a reaction occurs with the following mechanism:
(1) (fast)
(2) (slow)
in which... Problem 117RQ: The decomposition of urea, (NH2)2CO,in0.10MHCl follows the equation... Problem 118RQ: Show that for a reaction that obeys the general rate law, rate=k[ A ]n a graph of log(rate) versus... Problem 119RQ: 13.119 The rates of many reactions approximately double for each rise in temperature. Assuming a... Problem 120RQ: If the rate constant for a first-order reaction is doubled by hearing the reaction, what happens to... Problem 121RQ: For the following potential energy diagram, which path represents a catalyzed reaction? How many... Problem 122RQ Problem 123RQ Problem 124RQ:
*13.124 The cooking of an egg involves the denaturation of a protein called albumen. The time... Problem 125RQ:
*13.125 The following question is based on Chemistry Outside the Classroom 13.1. The reaction of... Problem 126RQ Problem 127RQ: The experimental rate law for the reaction NO2+COCO2+NO, is rate =k[NO2]2. If the mechanism is... Problem 128RQ: Radioactive samples are considered to become nonhaz- ardous after 10 half-lives. If the half-life is... Problem 129RQ: Use a spreadsheet to generate a graph for the data in (a) Problem 13.95 and (b) Problem 13.96.... Problem 130RQ: 13.130 Use a spreadsheet to generate separate graphs for the data given in problems (a) 13.53, (b)... Problem 131RQ Problem 132RQ: The catalyzed decomposition of ethanol at 327C has a rate constant of 4.0010-5molL-1s-1. The plot of... Problem 133RQ: *13.133 On December 19, 2007, the T2 Laboratories, Inc., reactor exploded in a runaway reaction. The... Problem 134RQ Problem 135RQ Problem 136RQ: Can a reaction have a negative activation energy? Explain your response. Problem 137RQ: *13.137 Assume you have a three-step mechanism. Would the potential energy diagram have three peaks?... Problem 138RQ: 13.138 What range of ages can dating reliably determine?
Problem 139RQ: 13.139 Why are initial reaction rates used to determine rate laws?
Problem 140RQ: If a reaction is reversible (i.e., the products can react to re-form the reactants), what would the... Problem 141RQ Problem 142RQ: *13.142 How would you measure the rate of an extremely fast reaction?
Problem 143RQ: * 13.143 For a reaction done on the ton scale, would a heterogeneous catalyst or a homogeneous... Problem 144RQ: 13.44 Can we use molality instead of molarity in constructing rate laws? Can mole fractions be... format_list_bulleted
Introductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry for Engineering StudentsChemistryISBN:9781285199023Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom HolmePublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry for Engineering StudentsChemistryISBN:9781337398909Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom HolmePublisher:Cengage Learning