Whether high virulence is beneficial in a vertically transmitted or horizontally transmitted parasite . Introduction: Parasite is an organism that lives on the surface or inside the body of another organism. They derive nutrition from the host for their survival and for daily necessities. When a parasite transfers from a single host to other, it faces two challenges: vertical transmission and horizontal transmission. Those viruses that degrade the reproduction or the survival rate of the host is known to be “virulent.”

Question

You aim to test the hypothesis that the Tbx4 and Tbx5 genes inhibit each other's expression during limb development. With access to chicken embryos and viruses capable of overexpressing Tbx4 and Tbx5, describe an experiment to investigate whether these genes suppress each other's expression in the limb buds. What results would you expect if they do repress each other? What results would you expect if they do not repress each other?

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

Chapter 13, Problem 4PDT

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether high virulence is beneficial in a vertically transmitted or horizontally transmitted parasite.

Introduction: Parasite is an organism that lives on the surface or inside the body of another organism. They derive nutrition from the host for their survival and for daily necessities. When a parasite transfers from a single host to other, it faces two challenges: vertical transmission and horizontal transmission. Those viruses that degrade the reproduction or the survival rate of the host is known to be “virulent.”

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You aim to test the hypothesis that the Tbx4 and Tbx5 genes inhibit each other's expression during limb development. With access to chicken embryos and viruses capable of overexpressing Tbx4 and Tbx5, describe an experiment to investigate whether these genes suppress each other's expression in the limb buds. What results would you expect if they do repress each other? What results would you expect if they do not repress each other?

You decide to delete Fgf4 and Fgf8 specifically in the limb bud. Explain why you would not knock out these genes in the entire embryo instead.

You implant an FGF10-coated bead into the anterior flank of a chicken embryo, directly below the level of the wing bud. What is the phenotype of the resulting ectopic limb? Briefly describe the expected expression domains of 1) Shh, 2) Tbx4, and 3) Tbx5 in the resulting ectopic limb bud.

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

Chapter 13, Problem 4PDT

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether high virulence is beneficial in a vertically transmitted or horizontally transmitted parasite.

Introduction: Parasite is an organism that lives on the surface or inside the body of another organism. They derive nutrition from the host for their survival and for daily necessities. When a parasite transfers from a single host to other, it faces two challenges: vertical transmission and horizontal transmission. Those viruses that degrade the reproduction or the survival rate of the host is known to be “virulent.”

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

Chapter 13, Problem 4PDT

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether high virulence is beneficial in a vertically transmitted or horizontally transmitted parasite.

Introduction: Parasite is an organism that lives on the surface or inside the body of another organism. They derive nutrition from the host for their survival and for daily necessities. When a parasite transfers from a single host to other, it faces two challenges: vertical transmission and horizontal transmission. Those viruses that degrade the reproduction or the survival rate of the host is known to be “virulent.”

Expert Solution & Answer

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See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

Chapter 13, Problem 4PDT

Summary Introduction