Chapter 13, Problem 3CR

Match the terms related to protein building.

Describe the four levels of protein structure. How do a proteins side groups influence its interactions with other substances? What happens when a protein is denatured?

Saturated fatty acids are so named because they are saturated with (a) hydrogen (b) water (c) hydroxyl groups (d) glycerol (e) double bonds

The monomers that make up proteins are called_____. a. nucleotides b. disaccharides c. amino acids d. chaperones

Which of the following levels of protein structure may be affected by hydrogen bonding? (a) primary and secondary (b) primary and tertiary (c) secondary, tertiary, and quaternary (d) primary, secondary, and tertiary (e) primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary

Which of the following is a class of molecules that encompasses all of the other molecules listed? a. triglycerides b. fatty acids c. waxes d. steroids e. lipids f. phospholipids

Define the term isomer and distinguish among the three principal isomer types.

What kinds of bonds often control the shape (or tertiary form) of large molecules such as proteins? a. hydrogen b. ionic c. covalent d. inert e. single

Effects of Dietary Fats on Lipoprotein Levels Cholesterol that is made by the liver or that enters the body from food does not dissolve in blood, so it is carried through the bloodstream by lipoproteins. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) carries cholesterol to body tissues such as artery walls, where it can form deposits associated with cardiovascular disease. Thus, LDL is often called bad cholesterol. Highdensity lipoprotein (HDL) carries cholesterol away from tissues to the liver for disposal, so HDL is often called good cholesterol. In 1990, Ronald Mensink and Martijn Katan published a study that tested the effects of different dietary fats on blood lipoprotein levels. Their results are shown in Figure 2.23. In which group was the level of LDL (bad cholesterol) highest?