How the model violates the second law of thermodynamics . Introduction: Neuroglia cells are supporting cells that are located throughout the nervous system. Astrocytes cells provide support and binds structures together between the neurons and blood vessels. It responds against brain injury and repairs it in the CNS. It regulates concentration of glucose (substances) and potassium (ions) within interstitial spaces and the transmission of substances to neurons from blood vessels. It allows the nourishment of neurons and releases growth factors. Oligodendrocytes cells are arranged in rows along with axons. In the central nervous system, it covers the axons in myelin sheath.

Question

The standard cost of Product B manufactured by Oriole Company includes 3.5 units of direct materials at $5.40 per unit. During June, 27,300 units of direct materials are purchased at a cost of $5.15 per unit, and 27,300 units of direct materials are used to produce 7,600 units of Product B. (a) Compute the total materials variance and the price and quantity variances. Total materials variance Materials price variance Materials quantity variance $ (b) Compute the total materials variance and the price and quantity variances, assuming the purchase price is $6.35 and the quantity purchased and used is 26,300 units. Total materials variance Materials price variance Materials quantity variance $

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 31DAP

(a)

Summary Introduction

To explain: How the model violates the second law of thermodynamics.

Introduction:

Neuroglia cells are supporting cells that are located throughout the nervous system. Astrocytes cells provide support and binds structures together between the neurons and blood vessels. It responds against brain injury and repairs it in the CNS. It regulates concentration of glucose (substances) and potassium (ions) within interstitial spaces and the transmission of substances to neurons from blood vessels. It allows the nourishment of neurons and releases growth factors. Oligodendrocytes cells are arranged in rows along with axons. In the central nervous system, it covers the axons in myelin sheath.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for not working of this model for small molecules although it may allow one to catch fish.

Introduction:

Neuroglia cells are supporting cells that are located throughout the nervous system. Astrocytes cells provide support and binds structures together between the neurons and blood vessels. It responds against brain injury and repairs it in the CNS. It regulates concentration of glucose (substances) and potassium (ions) within interstitial spaces and the transmission of substances to neurons from blood vessels. It allows the nourishment of neurons and releases growth factors. Oligodendrocytes cells are arranged in rows along with axons. In the central nervous system, it covers the axons in myelin sheath.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: Why the fish trap work for fish.

Introduction:

Neuroglia cells are supporting cells that are located throughout the nervous system. Astrocytes cells provide support and binds structures together between the neurons and blood vessels. It responds against brain injury and repairs it in the CNS. It regulates concentration of glucose (substances) and potassium (ions) within interstitial spaces and the transmission of substances to neurons from blood vessels. It allows the nourishment of neurons and releases growth factors. Oligodendrocytes cells are arranged in rows along with axons. In the central nervous system, it covers the axons in myelin sheath.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The two plausible mechanisms for the unidirectional transport of dye molecules between the cells that do not violate the second law of thermodynamics.

Introduction:

Neuroglia cells are supporting cells that are located throughout the nervous system. Astrocytes cells provide support and binds structures together between the neurons and blood vessels. It responds against brain injury and repairs it in the CNS. It regulates concentration of glucose (substances) and potassium (ions) within interstitial spaces and the transmission of substances to neurons from blood vessels. It allows the nourishment of neurons and releases growth factors. Oligodendrocytes cells are arranged in rows along with axons. In the central nervous system, it covers the axons in myelin sheath.

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The standard cost of Product B manufactured by Oriole Company includes 3.5 units of direct materials at $5.40 per unit. During June, 27,300 units of direct materials are purchased at a cost of $5.15 per unit, and 27,300 units of direct materials are used to produce 7,600 units of Product B. (a) Compute the total materials variance and the price and quantity variances. Total materials variance Materials price variance Materials quantity variance $ (b) Compute the total materials variance and the price and quantity variances, assuming the purchase price is $6.35 and the quantity purchased and used is 26,300 units. Total materials variance Materials price variance Materials quantity variance $

The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl CoA. E₁, E2, and E3 are abbreviations for the enzymes of the complex. Classify the enzyme names, prosthetic groups, and reactions as E1, E2, or E3. E₁ E2 Answer Bank E3 transfer of electrons to FAD and then to NAD+ transfer of acetyl group to coenzyme A formation of hydroxyethyl-TPP hydroxyethyl group transferred to lipoamide thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) FAD lipoamide dihydrolipoyl transacetylase pyruvate dehydrogenase dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase

Patients with pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency show high levels of lactic acid in the blood. However, in some cases, treatment with dichloroacetate (DCA), which inhibits the kinase associated with the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, lowers lactic acid levels. How does DCA act to stimulate pyruvate dehydrogenase activity? DCA activates pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase. DCA increases phosphorylation levels of pyruvate dehydrogenase. DCA inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase. ODCA activates pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase. What does this suggest about pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in patients who respond to DCA? The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is active only when phosphorylated by the kinase. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is active only in the presence of the kinase. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is completely inactive. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex displays some residual activity.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 31DAP

(a)

Summary Introduction

To explain: How the model violates the second law of thermodynamics.

Introduction:

Neuroglia cells are supporting cells that are located throughout the nervous system. Astrocytes cells provide support and binds structures together between the neurons and blood vessels. It responds against brain injury and repairs it in the CNS. It regulates concentration of glucose (substances) and potassium (ions) within interstitial spaces and the transmission of substances to neurons from blood vessels. It allows the nourishment of neurons and releases growth factors. Oligodendrocytes cells are arranged in rows along with axons. In the central nervous system, it covers the axons in myelin sheath.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for not working of this model for small molecules although it may allow one to catch fish.

Introduction:

Neuroglia cells are supporting cells that are located throughout the nervous system. Astrocytes cells provide support and binds structures together between the neurons and blood vessels. It responds against brain injury and repairs it in the CNS. It regulates concentration of glucose (substances) and potassium (ions) within interstitial spaces and the transmission of substances to neurons from blood vessels. It allows the nourishment of neurons and releases growth factors. Oligodendrocytes cells are arranged in rows along with axons. In the central nervous system, it covers the axons in myelin sheath.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: Why the fish trap work for fish.

Introduction:

Neuroglia cells are supporting cells that are located throughout the nervous system. Astrocytes cells provide support and binds structures together between the neurons and blood vessels. It responds against brain injury and repairs it in the CNS. It regulates concentration of glucose (substances) and potassium (ions) within interstitial spaces and the transmission of substances to neurons from blood vessels. It allows the nourishment of neurons and releases growth factors. Oligodendrocytes cells are arranged in rows along with axons. In the central nervous system, it covers the axons in myelin sheath.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The two plausible mechanisms for the unidirectional transport of dye molecules between the cells that do not violate the second law of thermodynamics.

Introduction:

Neuroglia cells are supporting cells that are located throughout the nervous system. Astrocytes cells provide support and binds structures together between the neurons and blood vessels. It responds against brain injury and repairs it in the CNS. It regulates concentration of glucose (substances) and potassium (ions) within interstitial spaces and the transmission of substances to neurons from blood vessels. It allows the nourishment of neurons and releases growth factors. Oligodendrocytes cells are arranged in rows along with axons. In the central nervous system, it covers the axons in myelin sheath.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 31DAP

(a)

Summary Introduction

To explain: How the model violates the second law of thermodynamics.

Introduction:

Neuroglia cells are supporting cells that are located throughout the nervous system. Astrocytes cells provide support and binds structures together between the neurons and blood vessels. It responds against brain injury and repairs it in the CNS. It regulates concentration of glucose (substances) and potassium (ions) within interstitial spaces and the transmission of substances to neurons from blood vessels. It allows the nourishment of neurons and releases growth factors. Oligodendrocytes cells are arranged in rows along with axons. In the central nervous system, it covers the axons in myelin sheath.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for not working of this model for small molecules although it may allow one to catch fish.

Introduction:

Neuroglia cells are supporting cells that are located throughout the nervous system. Astrocytes cells provide support and binds structures together between the neurons and blood vessels. It responds against brain injury and repairs it in the CNS. It regulates concentration of glucose (substances) and potassium (ions) within interstitial spaces and the transmission of substances to neurons from blood vessels. It allows the nourishment of neurons and releases growth factors. Oligodendrocytes cells are arranged in rows along with axons. In the central nervous system, it covers the axons in myelin sheath.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: Why the fish trap work for fish.

Introduction:

Neuroglia cells are supporting cells that are located throughout the nervous system. Astrocytes cells provide support and binds structures together between the neurons and blood vessels. It responds against brain injury and repairs it in the CNS. It regulates concentration of glucose (substances) and potassium (ions) within interstitial spaces and the transmission of substances to neurons from blood vessels. It allows the nourishment of neurons and releases growth factors. Oligodendrocytes cells are arranged in rows along with axons. In the central nervous system, it covers the axons in myelin sheath.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The two plausible mechanisms for the unidirectional transport of dye molecules between the cells that do not violate the second law of thermodynamics.

Introduction:

Neuroglia cells are supporting cells that are located throughout the nervous system. Astrocytes cells provide support and binds structures together between the neurons and blood vessels. It responds against brain injury and repairs it in the CNS. It regulates concentration of glucose (substances) and potassium (ions) within interstitial spaces and the transmission of substances to neurons from blood vessels. It allows the nourishment of neurons and releases growth factors. Oligodendrocytes cells are arranged in rows along with axons. In the central nervous system, it covers the axons in myelin sheath.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 31DAP

(a)

Summary Introduction

To explain: How the model violates the second law of thermodynamics.

Introduction:

Neuroglia cells are supporting cells that are located throughout the nervous system. Astrocytes cells provide support and binds structures together between the neurons and blood vessels. It responds against brain injury and repairs it in the CNS. It regulates concentration of glucose (substances) and potassium (ions) within interstitial spaces and the transmission of substances to neurons from blood vessels. It allows the nourishment of neurons and releases growth factors. Oligodendrocytes cells are arranged in rows along with axons. In the central nervous system, it covers the axons in myelin sheath.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for not working of this model for small molecules although it may allow one to catch fish.

Introduction:

Neuroglia cells are supporting cells that are located throughout the nervous system. Astrocytes cells provide support and binds structures together between the neurons and blood vessels. It responds against brain injury and repairs it in the CNS. It regulates concentration of glucose (substances) and potassium (ions) within interstitial spaces and the transmission of substances to neurons from blood vessels. It allows the nourishment of neurons and releases growth factors. Oligodendrocytes cells are arranged in rows along with axons. In the central nervous system, it covers the axons in myelin sheath.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: Why the fish trap work for fish.

Introduction:

Neuroglia cells are supporting cells that are located throughout the nervous system. Astrocytes cells provide support and binds structures together between the neurons and blood vessels. It responds against brain injury and repairs it in the CNS. It regulates concentration of glucose (substances) and potassium (ions) within interstitial spaces and the transmission of substances to neurons from blood vessels. It allows the nourishment of neurons and releases growth factors. Oligodendrocytes cells are arranged in rows along with axons. In the central nervous system, it covers the axons in myelin sheath.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The two plausible mechanisms for the unidirectional transport of dye molecules between the cells that do not violate the second law of thermodynamics.

Introduction:

Neuroglia cells are supporting cells that are located throughout the nervous system. Astrocytes cells provide support and binds structures together between the neurons and blood vessels. It responds against brain injury and repairs it in the CNS. It regulates concentration of glucose (substances) and potassium (ions) within interstitial spaces and the transmission of substances to neurons from blood vessels. It allows the nourishment of neurons and releases growth factors. Oligodendrocytes cells are arranged in rows along with axons. In the central nervous system, it covers the axons in myelin sheath.

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Answer 5

Chapter 13, Problem 31DAP

(a)

Summary Introduction

To explain: How the model violates the second law of thermodynamics.

Introduction:

Neuroglia cells are supporting cells that are located throughout the nervous system. Astrocytes cells provide support and binds structures together between the neurons and blood vessels. It responds against brain injury and repairs it in the CNS. It regulates concentration of glucose (substances) and potassium (ions) within interstitial spaces and the transmission of substances to neurons from blood vessels. It allows the nourishment of neurons and releases growth factors. Oligodendrocytes cells are arranged in rows along with axons. In the central nervous system, it covers the axons in myelin sheath.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for not working of this model for small molecules although it may allow one to catch fish.

Introduction:

Neuroglia cells are supporting cells that are located throughout the nervous system. Astrocytes cells provide support and binds structures together between the neurons and blood vessels. It responds against brain injury and repairs it in the CNS. It regulates concentration of glucose (substances) and potassium (ions) within interstitial spaces and the transmission of substances to neurons from blood vessels. It allows the nourishment of neurons and releases growth factors. Oligodendrocytes cells are arranged in rows along with axons. In the central nervous system, it covers the axons in myelin sheath.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: Why the fish trap work for fish.

Introduction:

Neuroglia cells are supporting cells that are located throughout the nervous system. Astrocytes cells provide support and binds structures together between the neurons and blood vessels. It responds against brain injury and repairs it in the CNS. It regulates concentration of glucose (substances) and potassium (ions) within interstitial spaces and the transmission of substances to neurons from blood vessels. It allows the nourishment of neurons and releases growth factors. Oligodendrocytes cells are arranged in rows along with axons. In the central nervous system, it covers the axons in myelin sheath.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The two plausible mechanisms for the unidirectional transport of dye molecules between the cells that do not violate the second law of thermodynamics.

Introduction:

Neuroglia cells are supporting cells that are located throughout the nervous system. Astrocytes cells provide support and binds structures together between the neurons and blood vessels. It responds against brain injury and repairs it in the CNS. It regulates concentration of glucose (substances) and potassium (ions) within interstitial spaces and the transmission of substances to neurons from blood vessels. It allows the nourishment of neurons and releases growth factors. Oligodendrocytes cells are arranged in rows along with axons. In the central nervous system, it covers the axons in myelin sheath.

Answer 6

Chapter 13, Problem 31DAP

(a)

Summary Introduction

To explain: How the model violates the second law of thermodynamics.

Introduction:

Neuroglia cells are supporting cells that are located throughout the nervous system. Astrocytes cells provide support and binds structures together between the neurons and blood vessels. It responds against brain injury and repairs it in the CNS. It regulates concentration of glucose (substances) and potassium (ions) within interstitial spaces and the transmission of substances to neurons from blood vessels. It allows the nourishment of neurons and releases growth factors. Oligodendrocytes cells are arranged in rows along with axons. In the central nervous system, it covers the axons in myelin sheath.

Answer 7

Chapter 13, Problem 31DAP

(a)

Summary Introduction

To explain: How the model violates the second law of thermodynamics.

Introduction:

Neuroglia cells are supporting cells that are located throughout the nervous system. Astrocytes cells provide support and binds structures together between the neurons and blood vessels. It responds against brain injury and repairs it in the CNS. It regulates concentration of glucose (substances) and potassium (ions) within interstitial spaces and the transmission of substances to neurons from blood vessels. It allows the nourishment of neurons and releases growth factors. Oligodendrocytes cells are arranged in rows along with axons. In the central nervous system, it covers the axons in myelin sheath.

Answer 8

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for not working of this model for small molecules although it may allow one to catch fish.

Introduction:

Neuroglia cells are supporting cells that are located throughout the nervous system. Astrocytes cells provide support and binds structures together between the neurons and blood vessels. It responds against brain injury and repairs it in the CNS. It regulates concentration of glucose (substances) and potassium (ions) within interstitial spaces and the transmission of substances to neurons from blood vessels. It allows the nourishment of neurons and releases growth factors. Oligodendrocytes cells are arranged in rows along with axons. In the central nervous system, it covers the axons in myelin sheath.

Answer 9

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: The reason for not working of this model for small molecules although it may allow one to catch fish.

Introduction:

Neuroglia cells are supporting cells that are located throughout the nervous system. Astrocytes cells provide support and binds structures together between the neurons and blood vessels. It responds against brain injury and repairs it in the CNS. It regulates concentration of glucose (substances) and potassium (ions) within interstitial spaces and the transmission of substances to neurons from blood vessels. It allows the nourishment of neurons and releases growth factors. Oligodendrocytes cells are arranged in rows along with axons. In the central nervous system, it covers the axons in myelin sheath.

Answer 10

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: Why the fish trap work for fish.

Introduction:

Neuroglia cells are supporting cells that are located throughout the nervous system. Astrocytes cells provide support and binds structures together between the neurons and blood vessels. It responds against brain injury and repairs it in the CNS. It regulates concentration of glucose (substances) and potassium (ions) within interstitial spaces and the transmission of substances to neurons from blood vessels. It allows the nourishment of neurons and releases growth factors. Oligodendrocytes cells are arranged in rows along with axons. In the central nervous system, it covers the axons in myelin sheath.

Answer 11

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: Why the fish trap work for fish.

Introduction:

Neuroglia cells are supporting cells that are located throughout the nervous system. Astrocytes cells provide support and binds structures together between the neurons and blood vessels. It responds against brain injury and repairs it in the CNS. It regulates concentration of glucose (substances) and potassium (ions) within interstitial spaces and the transmission of substances to neurons from blood vessels. It allows the nourishment of neurons and releases growth factors. Oligodendrocytes cells are arranged in rows along with axons. In the central nervous system, it covers the axons in myelin sheath.

Answer 12

(d)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The two plausible mechanisms for the unidirectional transport of dye molecules between the cells that do not violate the second law of thermodynamics.

Introduction:

Neuroglia cells are supporting cells that are located throughout the nervous system. Astrocytes cells provide support and binds structures together between the neurons and blood vessels. It responds against brain injury and repairs it in the CNS. It regulates concentration of glucose (substances) and potassium (ions) within interstitial spaces and the transmission of substances to neurons from blood vessels. It allows the nourishment of neurons and releases growth factors. Oligodendrocytes cells are arranged in rows along with axons. In the central nervous system, it covers the axons in myelin sheath.

Answer 13

(d)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The two plausible mechanisms for the unidirectional transport of dye molecules between the cells that do not violate the second law of thermodynamics.

Introduction:

Neuroglia cells are supporting cells that are located throughout the nervous system. Astrocytes cells provide support and binds structures together between the neurons and blood vessels. It responds against brain injury and repairs it in the CNS. It regulates concentration of glucose (substances) and potassium (ions) within interstitial spaces and the transmission of substances to neurons from blood vessels. It allows the nourishment of neurons and releases growth factors. Oligodendrocytes cells are arranged in rows along with axons. In the central nervous system, it covers the axons in myelin sheath.

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Ch. 13 - Prob. 1P Ch. 13 - Prob. 2P Ch. 13 - Prob. 3P Ch. 13 - Prob. 4P Ch. 13 - Prob. 5P Ch. 13 - Prob. 6P Ch. 13 - Prob. 7P Ch. 13 - Prob. 8P Ch. 13 - Prob. 9P Ch. 13 - Prob. 10P

Chapter 13 Solutions