Chapter 13, Problem 2RTC

Summary Introduction

(a)

To write:

About the source of energy required for unidirectional cotranslational translocation across the membrane in Endoplasmic Reticulum.

Introduction:

In Eukaryotic cells, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a continuous membrane system which is formed of a series of flattened sacs in the cytoplasm. It has multiple functions which are important in the modification, folding, synthesis, and transport of proteins.

Summary Introduction

(b)

To write:

About the source of energy required for unidirectional post-translational translocation into the Endoplasmic Reticulum.

Introduction:

In Eukaryotic cells, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a continuous membrane system which is formed of a series of flattened sacs in the cytoplasm. It has multiple functions which are important in the modification, folding, synthesis, and transport of proteins. Signal recognition particle (SRP) is helpful in the protein translocation to the ER.

Summary Introduction

(c)

To write:

About the source of energy required for unidirectional translocation into the mitochondrial matrix.

Introduction:

The mitochondrial matrix contains the mitochondrial DNA, soluble enzymes, ribosomes, small organic molecules, inorganic ions, and nucleotide cofactors. The translocase of the outer membrane or TOM is a protein complex found in the outer mitochondrial membrane. It permits the movement of the protein from this barrier into the intermembrane mitochondrion space.