Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with eText -- Access Card Package (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780133909029
Author: Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Kelly A. Hogan
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 13, Problem 2CC
Complete this concept map describing potential causes of evolutionary change within populations.
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Briefly explain all processes that can bring about evolution in populations
READ THIS: Notice that natural selection does not refer to individuals changing. Kath
Trequency of adaptive heritable traits in a population changes as a result of natural selection.
REQUIREMENTS FOR NATURAL SELECTION TO OCCUR:
17a. Assuming that both types of pom-poms are present in the population, what do you think
would happen to the pom-pom population if the black forest experienced a prolonged drought
so all the trees died and the habitat became red grassland?
17b. Next, think about an alternative scenario. Suppose that natural selection over many
generations had eliminated all the red pom-poms in the black forest habitat so only black pom-
poms survived. After that, a prolonged drought resulted in this habitat turning into a red
grassland. Would natural selection for pom-pom color occur? Why or why not?
17c. The above scenarios are showing that in order for natural selection to occur
must exist within a trait.
Consider the gene that determines Rh blood type in human beings. This gene has two alleles (D, d) with D being dominant to d. Suppose that in a certain island population of 1000 individuals there are 250 individuals that have the genotype DD, 500 individuals that are heterozygotes, and 250 have the genotype dd. What are the genotype and allele frequencies in this population?
Chapter 13 Solutions
Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with eText -- Access Card Package (8th Edition)
Ch. 13 - Summarize the key points of Darwins theory of...Ch. 13 - Complete this concept map describing potential...Ch. 13 - Which of the following did not influence Darwin as...Ch. 13 - Natural selection is sometimes described as...Ch. 13 - In an area of erratic rainfall, a biologist found...Ch. 13 - If an allele is recessive and lethal in...Ch. 13 - In a population with two alleles, B and b, the...Ch. 13 - Within a few weeks of treatment with the drug 3TC,...Ch. 13 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 13 - Write a paragraph briefly describing the kinds of...
Ch. 13 - In the early 1800s, French naturalist Jean...Ch. 13 - Sickle-cell disease is caused by a recessive...Ch. 13 - It seems logical that natural selection would work...Ch. 13 - SCIENTIFIC THINKING Cetaceans are fully aquatic...Ch. 13 - A population of snails is preyed on by birds that...Ch. 13 - Advocates of scientific creationism and...
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- Explain how stabilizing selection, directional selection, and disruptive selection affect the evolution of a population.arrow_forwardGive an example of each of the following evolutionary forces: mutation, natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow, and nonrandom mating.arrow_forwardWhen discussing natural selection and behaviour, we often say that members of a species have certain behavioural traits because those traits are adaptive, in the sense that they increase inclusive fitness relative to alternative forms of those traits that have existed in the past. Instead of emphasizing the adaptiveness of behavioural traits, some biologists describe natural selection as a process that operates on nervous system traits, increasing the prevalence within a population of particular patterns of neural circuitry and neurobiological mechanisms. As an alternative to emphasizing either the behaviour or the nervous system, some biologists describe natural selection as a process that operates on genes; according to this perspective, certain forms of certain genes (ie., particular alleles) increase in prevalence within a population relative to alternative forms of those genes. Which, if any, of these three perspectives on natural selection and behaviour do you think is the most…arrow_forward
- Which of the following are assumptions of the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium model? Mark all the correct assumptions. Group of answer choices there is no mutation all genotypes have different fitness large population sizes sexual selectionarrow_forwardWhich of these scenarios is an example of disruptive selection? Darker colored morphs in a butterfly population are more adaptive than lighter colored morphs, and lighter colored morphs are eliminated from the population. Intermediate gray morphs of a butterfly population are maintained, and the extreme dark and light color morphs have been eliminated. The dark and light color morphs of a butterfly population are maintained, and the intermediate gray morph has been eliminated from the population. A new, unique color form arises from a mutation in a population of butterflies.arrow_forwardMuch attention is given to the existence of genetic variation in populations.Why do evolutionary biologists give so much attention to this? Explain mechanisms thatgenerate genetic variation in populations. Explain mechanisms that maintain geneticvariation in populations. Provide examples and dataarrow_forward
- Consider this example. On a tropical island, there are iguanas that are green, blue, and yellow. The green iguanas can camouflage in the green grass, the yellow iguanas can camouflage in the dry, yellow grass. And the blue iguanas try to run fast to get away from prey. Over time, the blue iguanas disappear on the island, while the green and yellow iguanas survive. What type of natural selection is this? A. Balancing or Stabilizing selection B. Disruptive or Diversifying selection C. Directional selection D. Sexual selectionarrow_forwardFrom the below examples, all except 1 describe cases where a population would have evolved. Which of the following is the only case that does NOT describe a situation where the population is evolving? When individuals with a certain genotype have moved away from the population living in a particular area When individuals with certain genotypes have had more babies because their genotype is better adapted to the environment When individuals with a certain genotype have experienced phenotypic plasticity in an environment that changed in the area that they live in When individuals with a certain genotype were killed off by lightningarrow_forwardDescribe the major components of the runaway sexual selection hypothesis.arrow_forward
- With respect to this form of natural selection, explain the meaning of the word directional.arrow_forwardNatural and sexual selection both lead to evolution, but these processes can work against each other. Differentiate between these two forms of selection and give an example of a situation where natural selection reduces mate choice and sexual selection reduces survival.arrow_forwardDescribe the impact of founder effects and population bottlenecks on the genetic diversity of human populations. Provide examples of populations that have experienced these events and discuss their implications for the genetic makeup of contemporary human groups.arrow_forward
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