The products formed when 1,3-butadiene reacts with the given reagents are to be determined. Concept introduction: Hydrogenation with platinum as a catalyst is a reducing agent and can be used to convert unsaturated carbohydrates to saturated hydrocarbons. Potassium permanganate oxidizes hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide. Also hot alkaline KMnO 4 oxidatively cleaves alkenes to form carboxylic acids. Alkenes react with halides and undergo substitution reaction where halides replace the double bonds. The product stereochemistry is dependent on the stereochemistry of the reactant alkene. Conjugated dienes undergo both 1,2- and 1,4-electrophilic addition. The 1,2 – addition to a diene is the addition of electrophile to the carbon designated as 1 and the nucleophile to the carbon designated as 2 as shown below. But the positions of carbons as 1 and 2 are not according to the IUPAC numbering of the molecule but as a conjugated diene. The mechanism is similar with 1,4-addition. The mechanism of 1,2 addition and 1,4-addition of hydro halogenation is given below.

Question

Want to see the full answer?

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 13, Problem 20P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products formed when 1,3-butadiene reacts with the given reagents are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Hydrogenation with platinum as a catalyst is a reducing agent and can be used to convert unsaturated carbohydrates to saturated hydrocarbons.

Potassium permanganate oxidizes hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide. Also hot alkaline KMnO₄ oxidatively cleaves alkenes to form carboxylic acids.

Alkenes react with halides and undergo substitution reaction where halides replace the double bonds. The product stereochemistry is dependent on the stereochemistry of the reactant alkene.

Conjugated dienes undergo both 1,2- and 1,4-electrophilic addition.

The 1,2 – addition to a diene is the addition of electrophile to the carbon designated as 1 and the nucleophile to the carbon designated as 2 as shown below. But the positions of carbons as 1 and 2 are not according to the IUPAC numbering of the molecule but as a conjugated diene. The mechanism is similar with 1,4-addition.

The mechanism of 1,2 addition and 1,4-addition of hydro halogenation is given below.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Students have asked these similar questions

A solution containing 100.0 mL of 0.155 M EDTA buffered to pH 10.00 was titrated with 100.0 mL of 0.0152 M Hg(ClO4)2 in a cell: calomel electrode (saturated)//titration solution/Hg(l) Given the formation constant of Hg(EDTA)2-, logKf= 21.5, and alphaY4-=0.30, find out the cell voltage E. Hg2+(aq) + 2e- = Hg(l) E0= 0.852 V E' (calomel electrode, saturated KCl) = 0.241 V

From the following reduction potentials I2 (s) + 2e- = 2I- (aq) E0= 0.535 V I2 (aq) + 2e- = 2I- (aq) E0= 0.620 V I3- (aq) + 2e- = 3I- (aq) E0= 0.535 V a) Calculate the equilibrium constant for I2 (aq) + I- (aq) = I3- (aq). b) Calculate the equilibrium constant for I2 (s) + I- (aq) = I3- (aq). c) Calculate the solubility of I2 (s) in water.

2. (3 pts) Consider the unit cell for the spinel compound, CrFe204. How many total particles are in the unit cell? Also, show how the number of particles and their positions are consistent with the CrFe204 stoichiometry - this may or may not be reflected by the particle colors in the diagram. (HINT: In the diagram, the blue particle is in an interior position while each red particle is either in a corner or face position.)

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 13, Problem 20P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products formed when 1,3-butadiene reacts with the given reagents are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Hydrogenation with platinum as a catalyst is a reducing agent and can be used to convert unsaturated carbohydrates to saturated hydrocarbons.

Potassium permanganate oxidizes hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide. Also hot alkaline KMnO₄ oxidatively cleaves alkenes to form carboxylic acids.

Alkenes react with halides and undergo substitution reaction where halides replace the double bonds. The product stereochemistry is dependent on the stereochemistry of the reactant alkene.

Conjugated dienes undergo both 1,2- and 1,4-electrophilic addition.

The 1,2 – addition to a diene is the addition of electrophile to the carbon designated as 1 and the nucleophile to the carbon designated as 2 as shown below. But the positions of carbons as 1 and 2 are not according to the IUPAC numbering of the molecule but as a conjugated diene. The mechanism is similar with 1,4-addition.

The mechanism of 1,2 addition and 1,4-addition of hydro halogenation is given below.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 13, Problem 20P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products formed when 1,3-butadiene reacts with the given reagents are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Hydrogenation with platinum as a catalyst is a reducing agent and can be used to convert unsaturated carbohydrates to saturated hydrocarbons.

Potassium permanganate oxidizes hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide. Also hot alkaline KMnO₄ oxidatively cleaves alkenes to form carboxylic acids.

Alkenes react with halides and undergo substitution reaction where halides replace the double bonds. The product stereochemistry is dependent on the stereochemistry of the reactant alkene.

Conjugated dienes undergo both 1,2- and 1,4-electrophilic addition.

The 1,2 – addition to a diene is the addition of electrophile to the carbon designated as 1 and the nucleophile to the carbon designated as 2 as shown below. But the positions of carbons as 1 and 2 are not according to the IUPAC numbering of the molecule but as a conjugated diene. The mechanism is similar with 1,4-addition.

The mechanism of 1,2 addition and 1,4-addition of hydro halogenation is given below.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 13, Problem 20P

Interpretation Introduction