14-8 Answer true or false. The functional group of an alcohol is the —OH (hydroxyl) group. The parent name of an alcohol is the name of the longest carbon chain that contains the —OH group. A primary alcohol contains one —OH group, and a tertiary alcohol contains three —OH groups. In the 1UPAC system, the presence of three —OH groups is shown by the ending —trial. A glycol is a compound that contains two —OH groups. The simplest glycol is ethylene glycol, HOCH 2 CH 2 OH. Because of the presence of an —OH group, all alcohols are polar compounds. The boiling points of alcohols increase with increasing molecular weight. (h, The solubility of alcohols in water increases with increasing molecular weight.

Question

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Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 13, Problem 1P

14-8 Answer true or false.

The functional group of an alcohol is the —OH (hydroxyl) group.

The parent name of an alcohol is the name of the longest carbon chain that contains the —OH group.

A primary alcohol contains one —OH group, and a tertiary alcohol contains three —OH groups.

In the 1UPAC system, the presence of three

—OH groups is shown by the ending —trial.

A glycol is a compound that contains two —OH groups. The simplest glycol is ethylene glycol, HOCH₂CH₂OH.

Because of the presence of an —OH group, all alcohols are polar compounds.

The boiling points of alcohols increase with increasing molecular weight.

(h, The solubility of alcohols in water increases with increasing molecular weight.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement: The functional group of an alcohol is the −OH (hydroxyl) group, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

The functional group of an alcohol is the −OH (hydroxyl) group. Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The functional group of any alcohol is the —OH group. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement: The parent name of an alcohol is the name of the longest carbon chain that contains the −OH group, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

The parent name of an alcohol is the name of the longest carbon chain that contains the −OH group.Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

According to IUPAC nomenclature, the parent name of an alcohol is the name of the longest.

carbon chain that contains the —OH group. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement: A primary alcohol contains one −OH group, and a tertiary alcohol contains three-OH groups, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

A primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohol contains only one -OH groups but the connectivity of carbon atoms bearing −OH group is different. Thus, the statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Primary alcohol is alcohol in which the -OH group is linked to carbon that is connected to only one carbon atom. It has like -CH₂ OH group in molecule. Secondary alcohol is alcohol in which the -OH group is linked to carbon that is connected to two other carbon atoms. Tertiary alcohol is alcohol in which the -OH group is linked to carbon that is connected to three other carbon atoms. Primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols have only one -OH group in their molecule but the connectivity of carbon atom bearing -OH group is different. Therefore, the given statement is false.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement: In the IUPAC system, the presence of three −OH groups is shown by the ending −triol, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

In the IUPAC system, the presence of three −OH groups is shown by the ending −triol. Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

In IUPAC nomenclature, the presence of three -OH groups is shown by the ending triol Therefore, the given statement is true.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the given statement: A glycol is a compound that contains two-OH groups. The simplest glycol is ethylene glycol, HOCH2CH2OH, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

A glycol is a compound that contains two-OH groups. The simplest glycol is ethylene glycol, HOCH2CH2OH.Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Glycol is a compound that has two -OH groups attached to carbon atoms. Ethyl glycol is the simplest form of glycol. Its structural formula is:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 1P

Therefore, the given statement is true.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the given statement: Because of the presence of an-OH group, all alcohols are polar compounds, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

Because of the presence of an -OH group, all alcohols are polar compounds. Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Polar molecules have polar covalent bonds connected between the atoms. Methanol is an example of alcohol. Here, the O-C bond and O-H bond are polar covalent bonds. In methanol, there is a difference in electronegativity between the O-C bond (3.5-2.5 = 1.0) and O-H bond (3.5-2.1 = 1.4) Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself. Due to the presence of the O-H bond, all alcohols are polar molecules.

Therefore, the given statement is true.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the given statement: The boiling point of alcohols increases with increasing molecular weight, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

The boiling point of alcohols increases with increasing molecular weight. Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The temperature at which the atmospheric pressure is equal to the vapor pressure is known as boiling point. As the molecular weight increases, more atoms are involved in the non-covalent interaction. Due to this tact, more energy (more temperature) is required to break this non-covalent interactions.Therefore, the given statement is true.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the given statement: The solubility of alcohols in water increases with increasing molecular weight, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

The solubility of alcohols in water decreases with increasing molecular weight. Thus, the statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Alcohols are more soluble in water than hydrocarbons. This is due to the presence of the O-H group in alcohol. The O-H group undergoes hydrogen bonding with a hydrogen atom in the water molecule.

As the molecular weight increases, simultaneously the hydrocarbon chain in alcohol will also increase. Now the alcohol stars behaving more like hydrocarbons. Therefore, the solubility decreases with the increase in molecular weight.

Therefore, the given statement is false.

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Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 13, Problem 1P

14-8 Answer true or false.

The functional group of an alcohol is the —OH (hydroxyl) group.

The parent name of an alcohol is the name of the longest carbon chain that contains the —OH group.

A primary alcohol contains one —OH group, and a tertiary alcohol contains three —OH groups.

In the 1UPAC system, the presence of three

—OH groups is shown by the ending —trial.

A glycol is a compound that contains two —OH groups. The simplest glycol is ethylene glycol, HOCH₂CH₂OH.

Because of the presence of an —OH group, all alcohols are polar compounds.

The boiling points of alcohols increase with increasing molecular weight.

(h, The solubility of alcohols in water increases with increasing molecular weight.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement: The functional group of an alcohol is the −OH (hydroxyl) group, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

The functional group of an alcohol is the −OH (hydroxyl) group. Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The functional group of any alcohol is the —OH group. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement: The parent name of an alcohol is the name of the longest carbon chain that contains the −OH group, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

The parent name of an alcohol is the name of the longest carbon chain that contains the −OH group.Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

According to IUPAC nomenclature, the parent name of an alcohol is the name of the longest.

carbon chain that contains the —OH group. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement: A primary alcohol contains one −OH group, and a tertiary alcohol contains three-OH groups, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

A primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohol contains only one -OH groups but the connectivity of carbon atoms bearing −OH group is different. Thus, the statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Primary alcohol is alcohol in which the -OH group is linked to carbon that is connected to only one carbon atom. It has like -CH₂ OH group in molecule. Secondary alcohol is alcohol in which the -OH group is linked to carbon that is connected to two other carbon atoms. Tertiary alcohol is alcohol in which the -OH group is linked to carbon that is connected to three other carbon atoms. Primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols have only one -OH group in their molecule but the connectivity of carbon atom bearing -OH group is different. Therefore, the given statement is false.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement: In the IUPAC system, the presence of three −OH groups is shown by the ending −triol, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

In the IUPAC system, the presence of three −OH groups is shown by the ending −triol. Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

In IUPAC nomenclature, the presence of three -OH groups is shown by the ending triol Therefore, the given statement is true.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the given statement: A glycol is a compound that contains two-OH groups. The simplest glycol is ethylene glycol, HOCH2CH2OH, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

A glycol is a compound that contains two-OH groups. The simplest glycol is ethylene glycol, HOCH2CH2OH.Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Glycol is a compound that has two -OH groups attached to carbon atoms. Ethyl glycol is the simplest form of glycol. Its structural formula is:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 1P

Therefore, the given statement is true.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the given statement: Because of the presence of an-OH group, all alcohols are polar compounds, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

Because of the presence of an -OH group, all alcohols are polar compounds. Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Polar molecules have polar covalent bonds connected between the atoms. Methanol is an example of alcohol. Here, the O-C bond and O-H bond are polar covalent bonds. In methanol, there is a difference in electronegativity between the O-C bond (3.5-2.5 = 1.0) and O-H bond (3.5-2.1 = 1.4) Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself. Due to the presence of the O-H bond, all alcohols are polar molecules.

Therefore, the given statement is true.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the given statement: The boiling point of alcohols increases with increasing molecular weight, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

The boiling point of alcohols increases with increasing molecular weight. Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The temperature at which the atmospheric pressure is equal to the vapor pressure is known as boiling point. As the molecular weight increases, more atoms are involved in the non-covalent interaction. Due to this tact, more energy (more temperature) is required to break this non-covalent interactions.Therefore, the given statement is true.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the given statement: The solubility of alcohols in water increases with increasing molecular weight, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

The solubility of alcohols in water decreases with increasing molecular weight. Thus, the statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Alcohols are more soluble in water than hydrocarbons. This is due to the presence of the O-H group in alcohol. The O-H group undergoes hydrogen bonding with a hydrogen atom in the water molecule.

As the molecular weight increases, simultaneously the hydrocarbon chain in alcohol will also increase. Now the alcohol stars behaving more like hydrocarbons. Therefore, the solubility decreases with the increase in molecular weight.

Therefore, the given statement is false.

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Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 13, Problem 1P

14-8 Answer true or false.

The functional group of an alcohol is the —OH (hydroxyl) group.

The parent name of an alcohol is the name of the longest carbon chain that contains the —OH group.

A primary alcohol contains one —OH group, and a tertiary alcohol contains three —OH groups.

In the 1UPAC system, the presence of three

—OH groups is shown by the ending —trial.

A glycol is a compound that contains two —OH groups. The simplest glycol is ethylene glycol, HOCH₂CH₂OH.

Because of the presence of an —OH group, all alcohols are polar compounds.

The boiling points of alcohols increase with increasing molecular weight.

(h, The solubility of alcohols in water increases with increasing molecular weight.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement: The functional group of an alcohol is the −OH (hydroxyl) group, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

The functional group of an alcohol is the −OH (hydroxyl) group. Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The functional group of any alcohol is the —OH group. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement: The parent name of an alcohol is the name of the longest carbon chain that contains the −OH group, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

The parent name of an alcohol is the name of the longest carbon chain that contains the −OH group.Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

According to IUPAC nomenclature, the parent name of an alcohol is the name of the longest.

carbon chain that contains the —OH group. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement: A primary alcohol contains one −OH group, and a tertiary alcohol contains three-OH groups, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

A primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohol contains only one -OH groups but the connectivity of carbon atoms bearing −OH group is different. Thus, the statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Primary alcohol is alcohol in which the -OH group is linked to carbon that is connected to only one carbon atom. It has like -CH₂ OH group in molecule. Secondary alcohol is alcohol in which the -OH group is linked to carbon that is connected to two other carbon atoms. Tertiary alcohol is alcohol in which the -OH group is linked to carbon that is connected to three other carbon atoms. Primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols have only one -OH group in their molecule but the connectivity of carbon atom bearing -OH group is different. Therefore, the given statement is false.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement: In the IUPAC system, the presence of three −OH groups is shown by the ending −triol, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

In the IUPAC system, the presence of three −OH groups is shown by the ending −triol. Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

In IUPAC nomenclature, the presence of three -OH groups is shown by the ending triol Therefore, the given statement is true.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the given statement: A glycol is a compound that contains two-OH groups. The simplest glycol is ethylene glycol, HOCH2CH2OH, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

A glycol is a compound that contains two-OH groups. The simplest glycol is ethylene glycol, HOCH2CH2OH.Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Glycol is a compound that has two -OH groups attached to carbon atoms. Ethyl glycol is the simplest form of glycol. Its structural formula is:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 1P

Therefore, the given statement is true.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the given statement: Because of the presence of an-OH group, all alcohols are polar compounds, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

Because of the presence of an -OH group, all alcohols are polar compounds. Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Polar molecules have polar covalent bonds connected between the atoms. Methanol is an example of alcohol. Here, the O-C bond and O-H bond are polar covalent bonds. In methanol, there is a difference in electronegativity between the O-C bond (3.5-2.5 = 1.0) and O-H bond (3.5-2.1 = 1.4) Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself. Due to the presence of the O-H bond, all alcohols are polar molecules.

Therefore, the given statement is true.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the given statement: The boiling point of alcohols increases with increasing molecular weight, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

The boiling point of alcohols increases with increasing molecular weight. Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The temperature at which the atmospheric pressure is equal to the vapor pressure is known as boiling point. As the molecular weight increases, more atoms are involved in the non-covalent interaction. Due to this tact, more energy (more temperature) is required to break this non-covalent interactions.Therefore, the given statement is true.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the given statement: The solubility of alcohols in water increases with increasing molecular weight, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

The solubility of alcohols in water decreases with increasing molecular weight. Thus, the statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Alcohols are more soluble in water than hydrocarbons. This is due to the presence of the O-H group in alcohol. The O-H group undergoes hydrogen bonding with a hydrogen atom in the water molecule.

As the molecular weight increases, simultaneously the hydrocarbon chain in alcohol will also increase. Now the alcohol stars behaving more like hydrocarbons. Therefore, the solubility decreases with the increase in molecular weight.

Therefore, the given statement is false.

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Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 13, Problem 1P

14-8 Answer true or false.

The functional group of an alcohol is the —OH (hydroxyl) group.

The parent name of an alcohol is the name of the longest carbon chain that contains the —OH group.

A primary alcohol contains one —OH group, and a tertiary alcohol contains three —OH groups.

In the 1UPAC system, the presence of three

—OH groups is shown by the ending —trial.

A glycol is a compound that contains two —OH groups. The simplest glycol is ethylene glycol, HOCH₂CH₂OH.

Because of the presence of an —OH group, all alcohols are polar compounds.

The boiling points of alcohols increase with increasing molecular weight.

(h, The solubility of alcohols in water increases with increasing molecular weight.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement: The functional group of an alcohol is the −OH (hydroxyl) group, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

The functional group of an alcohol is the −OH (hydroxyl) group. Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The functional group of any alcohol is the —OH group. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement: The parent name of an alcohol is the name of the longest carbon chain that contains the −OH group, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

The parent name of an alcohol is the name of the longest carbon chain that contains the −OH group.Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

According to IUPAC nomenclature, the parent name of an alcohol is the name of the longest.

carbon chain that contains the —OH group. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement: A primary alcohol contains one −OH group, and a tertiary alcohol contains three-OH groups, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

A primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohol contains only one -OH groups but the connectivity of carbon atoms bearing −OH group is different. Thus, the statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Primary alcohol is alcohol in which the -OH group is linked to carbon that is connected to only one carbon atom. It has like -CH₂ OH group in molecule. Secondary alcohol is alcohol in which the -OH group is linked to carbon that is connected to two other carbon atoms. Tertiary alcohol is alcohol in which the -OH group is linked to carbon that is connected to three other carbon atoms. Primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols have only one -OH group in their molecule but the connectivity of carbon atom bearing -OH group is different. Therefore, the given statement is false.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement: In the IUPAC system, the presence of three −OH groups is shown by the ending −triol, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

In the IUPAC system, the presence of three −OH groups is shown by the ending −triol. Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

In IUPAC nomenclature, the presence of three -OH groups is shown by the ending triol Therefore, the given statement is true.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the given statement: A glycol is a compound that contains two-OH groups. The simplest glycol is ethylene glycol, HOCH2CH2OH, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

A glycol is a compound that contains two-OH groups. The simplest glycol is ethylene glycol, HOCH2CH2OH.Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Glycol is a compound that has two -OH groups attached to carbon atoms. Ethyl glycol is the simplest form of glycol. Its structural formula is:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 1P

Therefore, the given statement is true.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the given statement: Because of the presence of an-OH group, all alcohols are polar compounds, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

Because of the presence of an -OH group, all alcohols are polar compounds. Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Polar molecules have polar covalent bonds connected between the atoms. Methanol is an example of alcohol. Here, the O-C bond and O-H bond are polar covalent bonds. In methanol, there is a difference in electronegativity between the O-C bond (3.5-2.5 = 1.0) and O-H bond (3.5-2.1 = 1.4) Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself. Due to the presence of the O-H bond, all alcohols are polar molecules.

Therefore, the given statement is true.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the given statement: The boiling point of alcohols increases with increasing molecular weight, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

The boiling point of alcohols increases with increasing molecular weight. Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The temperature at which the atmospheric pressure is equal to the vapor pressure is known as boiling point. As the molecular weight increases, more atoms are involved in the non-covalent interaction. Due to this tact, more energy (more temperature) is required to break this non-covalent interactions.Therefore, the given statement is true.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the given statement: The solubility of alcohols in water increases with increasing molecular weight, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

The solubility of alcohols in water decreases with increasing molecular weight. Thus, the statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Alcohols are more soluble in water than hydrocarbons. This is due to the presence of the O-H group in alcohol. The O-H group undergoes hydrogen bonding with a hydrogen atom in the water molecule.

As the molecular weight increases, simultaneously the hydrocarbon chain in alcohol will also increase. Now the alcohol stars behaving more like hydrocarbons. Therefore, the solubility decreases with the increase in molecular weight.

Therefore, the given statement is false.

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Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement: The functional group of an alcohol is the −OH (hydroxyl) group, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

The functional group of an alcohol is the −OH (hydroxyl) group. Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The functional group of any alcohol is the —OH group. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement: The parent name of an alcohol is the name of the longest carbon chain that contains the −OH group, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

The parent name of an alcohol is the name of the longest carbon chain that contains the −OH group.Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

According to IUPAC nomenclature, the parent name of an alcohol is the name of the longest.

carbon chain that contains the —OH group. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement: A primary alcohol contains one −OH group, and a tertiary alcohol contains three-OH groups, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

A primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohol contains only one -OH groups but the connectivity of carbon atoms bearing −OH group is different. Thus, the statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Primary alcohol is alcohol in which the -OH group is linked to carbon that is connected to only one carbon atom. It has like -CH₂ OH group in molecule. Secondary alcohol is alcohol in which the -OH group is linked to carbon that is connected to two other carbon atoms. Tertiary alcohol is alcohol in which the -OH group is linked to carbon that is connected to three other carbon atoms. Primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols have only one -OH group in their molecule but the connectivity of carbon atom bearing -OH group is different. Therefore, the given statement is false.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement: In the IUPAC system, the presence of three −OH groups is shown by the ending −triol, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

In the IUPAC system, the presence of three −OH groups is shown by the ending −triol. Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

In IUPAC nomenclature, the presence of three -OH groups is shown by the ending triol Therefore, the given statement is true.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the given statement: A glycol is a compound that contains two-OH groups. The simplest glycol is ethylene glycol, HOCH2CH2OH, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

A glycol is a compound that contains two-OH groups. The simplest glycol is ethylene glycol, HOCH2CH2OH.Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Glycol is a compound that has two -OH groups attached to carbon atoms. Ethyl glycol is the simplest form of glycol. Its structural formula is:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 1P

Therefore, the given statement is true.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the given statement: Because of the presence of an-OH group, all alcohols are polar compounds, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

Because of the presence of an -OH group, all alcohols are polar compounds. Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Polar molecules have polar covalent bonds connected between the atoms. Methanol is an example of alcohol. Here, the O-C bond and O-H bond are polar covalent bonds. In methanol, there is a difference in electronegativity between the O-C bond (3.5-2.5 = 1.0) and O-H bond (3.5-2.1 = 1.4) Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself. Due to the presence of the O-H bond, all alcohols are polar molecules.

Therefore, the given statement is true.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the given statement: The boiling point of alcohols increases with increasing molecular weight, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

The boiling point of alcohols increases with increasing molecular weight. Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The temperature at which the atmospheric pressure is equal to the vapor pressure is known as boiling point. As the molecular weight increases, more atoms are involved in the non-covalent interaction. Due to this tact, more energy (more temperature) is required to break this non-covalent interactions.Therefore, the given statement is true.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the given statement: The solubility of alcohols in water increases with increasing molecular weight, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

The solubility of alcohols in water decreases with increasing molecular weight. Thus, the statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Alcohols are more soluble in water than hydrocarbons. This is due to the presence of the O-H group in alcohol. The O-H group undergoes hydrogen bonding with a hydrogen atom in the water molecule.

As the molecular weight increases, simultaneously the hydrocarbon chain in alcohol will also increase. Now the alcohol stars behaving more like hydrocarbons. Therefore, the solubility decreases with the increase in molecular weight.

Therefore, the given statement is false.

Answer 8

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement: The functional group of an alcohol is the −OH (hydroxyl) group, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

The functional group of an alcohol is the −OH (hydroxyl) group. Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The functional group of any alcohol is the —OH group. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Answer 9

Expert Solution

Answer 10

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement: The functional group of an alcohol is the −OH (hydroxyl) group, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer 13

Answer to Problem 1P

The functional group of an alcohol is the −OH (hydroxyl) group. Thus, the statement is true.

Answer 14

Explanation of Solution

The functional group of any alcohol is the —OH group. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Answer 15

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement: The parent name of an alcohol is the name of the longest carbon chain that contains the −OH group, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

The parent name of an alcohol is the name of the longest carbon chain that contains the −OH group.Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

According to IUPAC nomenclature, the parent name of an alcohol is the name of the longest.

carbon chain that contains the —OH group. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Answer 16

Expert Solution

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Expert Solution

Answer 19

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement: The parent name of an alcohol is the name of the longest carbon chain that contains the −OH group, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer 20

Answer to Problem 1P

The parent name of an alcohol is the name of the longest carbon chain that contains the −OH group.Thus, the statement is true.

Answer 21

Explanation of Solution

According to IUPAC nomenclature, the parent name of an alcohol is the name of the longest.

carbon chain that contains the —OH group. Therefore, the given statement is true.

Answer 22

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement: A primary alcohol contains one −OH group, and a tertiary alcohol contains three-OH groups, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

A primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohol contains only one -OH groups but the connectivity of carbon atoms bearing −OH group is different. Thus, the statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Primary alcohol is alcohol in which the -OH group is linked to carbon that is connected to only one carbon atom. It has like -CH₂ OH group in molecule. Secondary alcohol is alcohol in which the -OH group is linked to carbon that is connected to two other carbon atoms. Tertiary alcohol is alcohol in which the -OH group is linked to carbon that is connected to three other carbon atoms. Primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols have only one -OH group in their molecule but the connectivity of carbon atom bearing -OH group is different. Therefore, the given statement is false.

Answer 23

Expert Solution

Answer 24

Expert Solution

Answer 25

Expert Solution

Answer 26

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement: A primary alcohol contains one −OH group, and a tertiary alcohol contains three-OH groups, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer 27

Answer to Problem 1P

A primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohol contains only one -OH groups but the connectivity of carbon atoms bearing −OH group is different. Thus, the statement is false.

Answer 28

Explanation of Solution

Primary alcohol is alcohol in which the -OH group is linked to carbon that is connected to only one carbon atom. It has like -CH₂ OH group in molecule. Secondary alcohol is alcohol in which the -OH group is linked to carbon that is connected to two other carbon atoms. Tertiary alcohol is alcohol in which the -OH group is linked to carbon that is connected to three other carbon atoms. Primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols have only one -OH group in their molecule but the connectivity of carbon atom bearing -OH group is different. Therefore, the given statement is false.

Answer 29

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement: In the IUPAC system, the presence of three −OH groups is shown by the ending −triol, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

In the IUPAC system, the presence of three −OH groups is shown by the ending −triol. Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

In IUPAC nomenclature, the presence of three -OH groups is shown by the ending triol Therefore, the given statement is true.

Answer 30

Expert Solution

Answer 31

Expert Solution

Answer 32

Expert Solution

Answer 33

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

To analyse whether the given statement: In the IUPAC system, the presence of three −OH groups is shown by the ending −triol, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer 34

Answer to Problem 1P

In the IUPAC system, the presence of three −OH groups is shown by the ending −triol. Thus, the statement is true.

Answer 35

Explanation of Solution

In IUPAC nomenclature, the presence of three -OH groups is shown by the ending triol Therefore, the given statement is true.

Answer 36

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the given statement: A glycol is a compound that contains two-OH groups. The simplest glycol is ethylene glycol, HOCH2CH2OH, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

A glycol is a compound that contains two-OH groups. The simplest glycol is ethylene glycol, HOCH2CH2OH.Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Glycol is a compound that has two -OH groups attached to carbon atoms. Ethyl glycol is the simplest form of glycol. Its structural formula is:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 1P

Therefore, the given statement is true.

Answer 37

Expert Solution

Answer 38

Expert Solution

Answer 39

Expert Solution

Answer 40

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the given statement: A glycol is a compound that contains two-OH groups. The simplest glycol is ethylene glycol, HOCH2CH2OH, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer 41

Answer to Problem 1P

A glycol is a compound that contains two-OH groups. The simplest glycol is ethylene glycol, HOCH2CH2OH.Thus, the statement is true.

Answer 42

Explanation of Solution

Glycol is a compound that has two -OH groups attached to carbon atoms. Ethyl glycol is the simplest form of glycol. Its structural formula is:

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 1P

Therefore, the given statement is true.

Answer 43

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the given statement: Because of the presence of an-OH group, all alcohols are polar compounds, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

Because of the presence of an -OH group, all alcohols are polar compounds. Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

Polar molecules have polar covalent bonds connected between the atoms. Methanol is an example of alcohol. Here, the O-C bond and O-H bond are polar covalent bonds. In methanol, there is a difference in electronegativity between the O-C bond (3.5-2.5 = 1.0) and O-H bond (3.5-2.1 = 1.4) Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself. Due to the presence of the O-H bond, all alcohols are polar molecules.

Therefore, the given statement is true.

Answer 44

Expert Solution

Answer 45

Expert Solution

Answer 46

Expert Solution

Answer 47

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the given statement: Because of the presence of an-OH group, all alcohols are polar compounds, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer 48

Answer to Problem 1P

Because of the presence of an -OH group, all alcohols are polar compounds. Thus, the statement is true.

Answer 49

Explanation of Solution

Polar molecules have polar covalent bonds connected between the atoms. Methanol is an example of alcohol. Here, the O-C bond and O-H bond are polar covalent bonds. In methanol, there is a difference in electronegativity between the O-C bond (3.5-2.5 = 1.0) and O-H bond (3.5-2.1 = 1.4) Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself. Due to the presence of the O-H bond, all alcohols are polar molecules.

Therefore, the given statement is true.

Answer 50

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the given statement: The boiling point of alcohols increases with increasing molecular weight, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

The boiling point of alcohols increases with increasing molecular weight. Thus, the statement is true.

Explanation of Solution

The temperature at which the atmospheric pressure is equal to the vapor pressure is known as boiling point. As the molecular weight increases, more atoms are involved in the non-covalent interaction. Due to this tact, more energy (more temperature) is required to break this non-covalent interactions.Therefore, the given statement is true.

Answer 51

Expert Solution

Answer 52

Expert Solution

Answer 53

Expert Solution

Answer 54

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the given statement: The boiling point of alcohols increases with increasing molecular weight, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer 55

Answer to Problem 1P

The boiling point of alcohols increases with increasing molecular weight. Thus, the statement is true.

Answer 56

Explanation of Solution

The temperature at which the atmospheric pressure is equal to the vapor pressure is known as boiling point. As the molecular weight increases, more atoms are involved in the non-covalent interaction. Due to this tact, more energy (more temperature) is required to break this non-covalent interactions.Therefore, the given statement is true.

Answer 57

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the given statement: The solubility of alcohols in water increases with increasing molecular weight, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer to Problem 1P

The solubility of alcohols in water decreases with increasing molecular weight. Thus, the statement is false.

Explanation of Solution

Alcohols are more soluble in water than hydrocarbons. This is due to the presence of the O-H group in alcohol. The O-H group undergoes hydrogen bonding with a hydrogen atom in the water molecule.

As the molecular weight increases, simultaneously the hydrocarbon chain in alcohol will also increase. Now the alcohol stars behaving more like hydrocarbons. Therefore, the solubility decreases with the increase in molecular weight.

Therefore, the given statement is false.

Answer 58

Expert Solution

Answer 59

Expert Solution

Answer 60

Expert Solution

Answer 61

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

To analyze whether the given statement: The solubility of alcohols in water increases with increasing molecular weight, is true or not.

Concept Introduction:

Alcohols are those organic compounds wherein a hydrogen atom of the aliphatic carbon molecule is substituted by a hydroxyl group. Hence an alcohol molecule has two parts, one comprising the alkyl group and the other carrying hydroxyl group.

The boiling point of alcohols is significantly higher than those of alkanes having similar molecular weights. The solubility of alcohol is inversely proportional to the size of the alkyl group. Alcohols reacts with active metals like sodium, potassium and many more to form the corresponding alkoxide.

Answer 62

Answer to Problem 1P

The solubility of alcohols in water decreases with increasing molecular weight. Thus, the statement is false.

Answer 63

Explanation of Solution

Alcohols are more soluble in water than hydrocarbons. This is due to the presence of the O-H group in alcohol. The O-H group undergoes hydrogen bonding with a hydrogen atom in the water molecule.

As the molecular weight increases, simultaneously the hydrocarbon chain in alcohol will also increase. Now the alcohol stars behaving more like hydrocarbons. Therefore, the solubility decreases with the increase in molecular weight.

Therefore, the given statement is false.