Human Anatomy (8th Edition) - Standalone book
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780321883322
Author: Frederic H. Martini, Robert B. Tallitsch
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 13, Problem 1CT
Summary Introduction
To review:
The reason for the affected motor control when the myelin sheath is destroyed.
Introduction:
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease, in which the immune cells start attacking the myelin sheath covering on the axon of the neuron. Myelin sheath is an insulation layer that surrounds the axon of the neurons. It is mainly made up of fats and is white in color. In multiple sclerosis, the myelin sheath is damaged, resulting in the disruption in the electric signals. Certain symptoms include muscle weakness, double vision, and poor coordination.
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Chapter 13 Solutions
Human Anatomy (8th Edition) - Standalone book
Ch. 13 - Match each numbered item with the most closely...Ch. 13 - Prob. 2RFTCh. 13 - Prob. 3RFTCh. 13 - Match each numbered item with the most closely...Ch. 13 - Match each numbered item with the most closely...Ch. 13 - Match each numbered item with the most closely...Ch. 13 - Prob. 7RFTCh. 13 - Prob. 8RFTCh. 13 - Prob. 9RFTCh. 13 - Prob. 10RFT
Ch. 13 - 11. Which of the following is not a function of...Ch. 13 - Neuroglia found surrounding the cell bodies of...Ch. 13 - The most important function of the cell body of a...Ch. 13 - Fill in the blanks below with the proper...Ch. 13 - 15. Axons terminate in a series of fine extensions...Ch. 13 - Prob. 15RFTCh. 13 - Prob. 1RCCh. 13 - Prob. 2RCCh. 13 - 3. Developmental problems in the growth and...Ch. 13 - Prob. 4RCCh. 13 - How does exteroceptor activity differ from...Ch. 13 - Prob. 6RCCh. 13 - Prob. 7RCCh. 13 - Prob. 8RCCh. 13 - Prob. 9RCCh. 13 - Prob. 10RCCh. 13 - Prob. 1CTCh. 13 - Prob. 2CTCh. 13 - Prob. 3CT
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- Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disorder that causes the destruction of myelin sheaths surrounding neurons. People with MS display many symptoms, including slurred speech, double vision, and poor muscle coordination. What is the direct effect of MS on nerve impulse transmission? Select one: The movement of impulses along neurons is slower than normal. Dendrites cannot be stimulated by acetylcholine, therefore impulses are not generated in neurons. The threshold level of stimulation for neurons is greater than normal. Axons cannot sectete acetylcholine, therefore impulses are not able to travel across synapses. Oarrow_forwardDemyelination is the loss of myelin from neurones that are normally myelinated. Multiple sclerosis is a disease in which demyelination occurs in neurones involved in coordinating muscle movement. Using your knowledge of nerve impulse generation and propagation, explain how nerve impulse generation and propagation would be affected in people who have multiple sclerosis. The explanation needs to be in the form of a step by step sequence of annotated drawings. This could be in the form of an annotated cartoon/picture strip. Compare this to nerve impulse generation and propagation in an individual who does not have multiple sclerosis.arrow_forwardDescribe the direction of action potential propagation relative to the CNS in the spinal nerves, dorsal roots, and ventral roots. List some of the responses stimulated by the autonomic nervous system in (a) a person who is extremely angry and (b) a person who has just finished eating and is now relaxing.arrow_forward
- Describe the resting potential for neurons. How is this potential established? Describe the development of the action potential. How does this come about, and what is the function of this phenomenon? Include a diagram of the various stages of the action potential, showing the changes in voltage that occur throughout this phenomenonarrow_forwardA general principle of physiology states that homeostasis is essential for health and survival. In what ways might the presence of myelincontribute to homeostasis?arrow_forwardCystic fibrosis is a degenerative disease that causes the progressive breakdown of the myelin sheaths around the axons of neurons. Which of the following best describes the likely effect of cystic fibrosis on neuronal function? A B C D an inhibition in the release of neurotransmitters at the synaptic terminal a decrease in the conduction speed of the action potential along neuronal axons an unstoppable generation of action potential in affected neurons an inhibition in the generation of action potentials at neuronal dendritesarrow_forward
- In a disease called GB syndrome, the immune system attacks and degrades the myelin sheath of PNS axons. What is a possible effect that this will have on nerve impulse and muscle function.arrow_forwardSmall intestine (or other visceral organ) CNS (spinal cord) Skeletal muscle Figure 14.1 Using Figure 14.1, match the following: 11) Myelin sheath. 11) 12) Cell body of ANS preganglionic neuron. 12) - 13) Cell body of ANS postganglionic neuron. 13) 14 14) Cell body of the somatic neuron. TIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the qu 15) Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes? A) guide the migration of young neurons, synapse formation, and helping to determine ca permeability B) support and brace neurons C) anchor neurons to blood vesselsarrow_forwardUpper motoneurons which are often affected in MND are originate from the Primary motor cortex only Somatosensory motor cortex only Primary motor and pre motor cortices Pre motor cortex only Primary motor, pre motor and primary sensory corticesarrow_forward
- Describe how an action potential in the presynaptic neuron is generated in the postsynaptic neuron. Label the presynaptic neuron, postsynaptic neuron and synapse. Explain what is happening in figure on the left. Use key terms in order AND label on diagram: presynaptic axon terminal, action potential, calcium, vesicle, neurotransmitters, synapse Explain what is happening in the figure on the right. Use key terms in order AND label on diagram: neurotransmitter, postsynaptic receptor, sodium ions, excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP), depolarization, action potential, postsynaptic neuronarrow_forwardAlzheimer’s disease is thought to cause a DECREASE in the amount of acetylcholine (ACH) being released into the synaptic cleft in specific parts of the brain. What would be a possible treatment for this disease? (So basically- what would be a possible way to increase the amount of ACH in the synaptic cleft?)arrow_forwardName the neurotransmitter that conducts nerve impulse through synapse.arrow_forward
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