
To determine:
The level of contamination of hospital scrubs that is common among healthcare workers.
Concept introduction:
Healthcare-associated infections are the type of infections that are acquired by patients while receiving their medical treatment. Modern healthcare system uses many devices and procedures for the recovery of the patient but many of these can be associated with infections.

Explanation of Solution
Hospital scrubs was also known as scrubs, are the sanitary clothing worn by nurses, surgeons, doctors, and other workers associated with health care. These are designed to be easy to launder, simple and cheap so that replaced easily when stained or damaged.
All these workers, whether they are nurses, doctors, technicians, or even custodial staff, have been exposed to microorganisms in the hospital and they may carry these over their clothing. Thus, contamination of hospital scrubs is very common among healthcare workers.
Contamination of hospital scrubs is very common among health care workers as they are constantly been exposed to microorganisms in the hospital environment.
To determine:
The microbes that are most commonly found on the clothing of healthcare workers.
Concept introduction:
Hospital scrubs was also known as scrubs, are the sanitary clothing worn by health care workers. These clothing are designed to be easy to launder, simple and cheap so that replaced easily when stained or damaged.

Explanation of Solution
Researchers in Israel collected uniforms of medical doctors and nurses and tested their sleeves ends, pockets, and abdominal area. The obtained samples were pressed over the prepared agar plates to analyze the microbial growth.
Their study along with the results of another study done by researchers in different areas revealed that 75 % of white lab coats of health care workers were contaminated with Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, Moraxella and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The ties of doctors were also sampled and the result revealed 66 % contamination with MRSA and other pathogens.
The microbes that are most commonly found on the clothing of healthcare workers include Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, Moraxella and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
To determine:
Whether laundering at home is sufficient to remove microbial contamination.
Concept introduction:
HAIs also was known as Healthcare-associated infections, are the type of infections that are acquired by patients while receiving their medical treatment. Thus, it has become a major safety concern for both patients and healthcare providers.

Explanation of Solution
Many hospitals allow their workers to wash their own uniforms as a measure of cost saving. Therefore, scrubs and white lab coats are often taken home to wash with personal clothing items.
Laundering at home is not sufficient to remove microbial contamination because generally, the water temperature of home laundry can reach only 130° F while the water temperature of hospital laundry can reach up to 160° F. Thus, laundering at home may not destroy all the pathogens.
Laundering at home is not sufficient to remove microbial contamination due to low water temperature which may not allow the destruction of all pathogens.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 13 Solutions
Microbiology: A Systems Approach
- Describe and give a specific example of how successionary stage is related to species diversity?arrow_forwardExplain down bellow what happens to the cell in pictures not in words: Decreased pH in mitochondria Increased ATP Decreased pH in cytosol Increased hydrolysis Decreasing glycogen and triglycerides Increased MAP kinase activity Poor ion transport → For each one:→ What normally happens?→ What is wrong now?→ How does it mess up the cell?arrow_forward1.) Community Diversity: The brown and orange line represent two different plant communities. a. Which color represents the community with a higher species richness? b. Which color represents the community with a higher species evenness? Relative abundance 0.1 0.04 0.001 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Rank abundance c. What is the maximum value of the Simpson's diversity index (remember, Simpson's index is D = p², Simpson's diversity index is 1-D)? d. If the Simpson's diversity index equals 1, what does that mean about the number of species and their relative abundance within community being assessed?arrow_forward
- 1.) Community Diversity: The brown and orange line represent two different plant communities. a. Which color represents the community with a higher species richness? b. Which color represents the community with a higher species evenness? Relative abundance 0.1 0.04 0.001 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Rank abundance c. What is the maximum value of the Simpson's diversity index (remember, Simpson's index is D = p², Simpson's diversity index is 1-D)? d. If the Simpson's diversity index equals 1, what does that mean about the number of species and their relative abundance within community being assessed?arrow_forwardwhat measures can a mother to take to improve the produce of her to milk to her newborn baby ?arrow_forward1. Color the line that represents all ancestors of the Eastern white pine tree green (but only the ancestral line NOT shared with other organisms) 2. Oncle the last common ancestor of the Colorado blue spruce tree and Eastern white pine tree. 3. Put a box around the last common ancestor of the sugar maple tree and the dogwood tree. 4. Put a triangle around the last common ancestor of the red pine tree and the american holly bush. 5. Color the line that represents all ancestors of the Ponderosa pine tree red (including all shared ancestors). 6. Color the line that represents all ancestors of the American elm tree blue (including all shared ancestors). 7 Color the line that represents all ancestors of the Sabal palm tree purple (including all shared ancestors) 8. Using a yellow highlighter or colored pencil, circle the clade that includes all pine trees. 9. Using a orange highlighter or colored pencil, circle the clade that includes all gymnosperms 10. Can you tell…arrow_forward
- You have been hired as a public relations specialist to give invertebrates a good name. After all, they are much more than just creepy crawly bugs! Your first task though is to convince yourself that is true. The best way to do that is to start close to home. Find something in your house that is a product obtained directly from an invertebrate or only due to an invertebrate’s actions. Describe the product, its function and utility, as well as any human manufactured alternatives. Be sure to highlight the advantages of obtaining this directly from nature. Keep in mind, a product can be something you use, wear, eat, or enjoy for its visual appeal.arrow_forwardUse the following tree diagram to answer Questions #8-10. 8) Which of the following two animals are the most closely related based on the tree to the left? a) Pig and camel b) Hippo and pig c) Deer and cow 9) CIRCLE on the tree diagram where the common ancestor between a hippo and a cow is. 10) Put a SQUARE on the tree diagram where the common ancestor between a pig and a peccary is.arrow_forwardExplain: Healthy Cell Function Overview→ Briefly describe how a healthy cell usually works: metabolism (ATP production), pH balance, glycogen storage, ion transport, enzymes, etc. Gene Mutation and Genetics Part→ Focus on the autosomal recessive mutation and explain: How gene mutation affects the cell. How autosomal inheritance works. Compare the normal and mutated gene sequences simply. → Talk about possible consequences of a faulty hydrolytic enzyme.arrow_forward
- Can you fill out those termsarrow_forwardExplain down bellow what happens to the cell: Decreased pH in mitochondria Increased ATP Decreased pH in cytosol Increased hydrolysis Decreasing glycogen and triglycerides Increased MAP kinase activity Poor ion transport → For each one:→ What normally happens?→ What is wrong now?→ How does it mess up the cell?arrow_forwardAn 1100 pound equine patient was given 20 mg/kg sucralfate 3 times a day, 2.8 mg/kg famotidine twice a day, and 10mg/kg doxycycline twice a day. Sucralfate comes as a 1 gm tablet, famotidine as 20 mg tablets, and doxycycline as 100mg tablets. All are in bottles of 100 tablets.How many total mg are needed for the patient and how many tablets of each would be needed to provide each dose?How many bottles of each would be needed to have available if this patient were to be on this drug regimen for 5 days?arrow_forward
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education





