General Chemistry
General Chemistry
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780073402758
Author: Chang, Raymond/ Goldsby
Publisher: McGraw-Hill College
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Chapter 13, Problem 13.79QP
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For given solution vapor pressure lowering, freezing point depression, boiling point elevation and osmotic pressures to be calculated.

Concept introduction

Boiling point elevation(ΔTb): Boiling point is the distinction between boiling point of the pure solvent (Tb°) and the boiling point of the solution (Tb).

ΔTb= Kbm

Where,

ΔTb= Change ib boiling pointTb= Boiling point of the solutionTb°= Boiling point of pure solvent

Freezing point depression(ΔTf): Freezing point depression is the distinction between freezing point of the pure solvent (Tf°) and freezing point of the solution (Tf).

ΔTf= Kfm

Where,

ΔTf= Change in freezing pointTf= Freezing point of the solutionTf°= Freezing point of pure solvent

Osmotic pressure is the pressure that is needed to stop osmosis. Osmotic pressure of the solution is directly proportional to the concentration of the solution.  We can calculate osmotic pressure by using this formula is given by,

osmotic pressure(π) = MRT

Where,

Vapor pressure lowering: Vapor pressure lowering is one of the colligative properties. Pure solvent has higher vapour pressure than its solution have non-volatile liquid.  Thus vapour pressure lowering guide boiling point elevation.

ΔP = χBA

Where,

χB- Mole fraction of the soluteP°C- vapor pressure of the pure solvent

Expert Solution & Answer
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 13.79QP

Vapour pressure lowering of the solution = General Chemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.79QP , additional homework tip  1

Freezing point elevation = General Chemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.79QP , additional homework tip  2

Boiling point elevation = General Chemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.79QP , additional homework tip  3

Osmotic pressure = General Chemistry, Chapter 13, Problem 13.79QP , additional homework tip  4

Explanation of Solution

Given data

Molar mass of egg white = 13,930g

Amount of enzyme which is dissolved in water = 0.100g

Amount of water = 150g

Vapor pressure of water = 23.76 mmHg at 25°C

Calculation of number of moles in lysozyme and water

nIsozyme=1.00g×1mol13,930g=7.18×10-6mol

Molecular mass of water =18.02g/mol

nwater=150g×1mol18.02g= 8.32mol

By plugging in the value of amount of Isozyme and molar mass of egg white, mole of Isozyme has calculated.  Similarly, by plugging in the value of amount of water and molar mass of water, mole of water has calculated.

Calculation of vapour pressure lowering of the solution

ΔP = χIysozymewater=nIsozymenIsozyme+nwater(23.76mmHg)

ΔP=7.18×10-6mol[(7.18×10-6)+8.32mol](23.76mmHg) = 2.05×10-5mmHg

By plugging in the values of mole fraction of Isozyme and vapour pressure of water, vapour pressure lowering of the solution has calculated.

Calculation freezing point depression of the solution

Molal freezing point depression constant = 1.86°C/m

ΔTf =Kfm =(1.86°C/m)[7.18×10-6mol0.150kg]= 8.90×10-5°C

By plugging in the values of molal freezing point depression constant and molality of the solution, freezing point depression of the solution has calculated.

Calculation of boiling point elevation of the solution

Boiling point elevation constant = 1.52°C/m

ΔTb =Kbm =(1.86°C/m)[7.18×10-6mol0.150kg]= 2.5×10-5°C

By plugging in the values of boiling point elevation constant and molality of the solution, boiling point elevation of the solution has calculated.

Calculation of osmotic pressure of the solution

As known above, we assume the density of the solution is 1.00g/mL.The volume of the solution will be150mL.

π = MRT =(7.18×10-6mol0.150L)(0.08206L.atm/K.mol)(298K)=1.17×10-3atm = 0.889mmHg

By plugging in the values of molarity of the solution, ideal gas constant and temperature in Kelvin, the osmotic pressure of the solution has calculated.

Conclusion

Vapour pressure lowering of the solution was calculated as 2.05×10-5mm Hg

Freezing point elevation has calculated as 8.90×10-5°C.

Boiling point elevation has calculated as 2.5×10-5°C.

Osmotic pressure has calculated as 0.889 mmHg.

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Chapter 13 Solutions

General Chemistry

Ch. 13.6 - Prob. 2PECh. 13.6 - Prob. 2RCCh. 13.6 - Prob. 3PECh. 13.6 - Prob. 4PECh. 13.6 - Prob. 3RCCh. 13.6 - Prob. 5PECh. 13.6 - Prob. 4RCCh. 13 - Prob. 13.1QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.2QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.3QPCh. 13 - 13.4 As you know, some solution processes are...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.5QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.6QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.7QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.8QPCh. 13 - 13.9 Arrange these compounds in order of...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.10QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.11QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.12QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.13QPCh. 13 - 13.14 Calculate the amount of water (in grams)...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.15QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.16QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.17QPCh. 13 - 12.20 For dilute aqueous solutions in which the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.19QPCh. 13 - 13.20 The concentrated sulfuric acid we use in the...Ch. 13 - 13.21 Calculate the molarity and the molality of...Ch. 13 - 13.22 The density of an aqueous solution...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.23QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.25QPCh. 13 - 13.26 The solubility of KNO3 is 155 g per 100 g of...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.27QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.28QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.29QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.30QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.31QPCh. 13 - 13.32 A man bought a goldfish in a pet shop. Upon...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.33QPCh. 13 - 13.34 A miner working 260 m below sea level opened...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.35QPCh. 13 - 13.36 The solubility of N2 in blood at 37°C and at...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.37QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.38QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.39QPCh. 13 - 13.40 How is the lowering in vapor pressure...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.41QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.42QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.43QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.44QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.45QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.46QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.47QPCh. 13 - 13.48 How many grams of sucrose (C12H22O11) must...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.49QPCh. 13 - 13.50 The vapor pressures of ethanol (C2H5OH) and...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.51QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.52QPCh. 13 - 13.53 What are the boiling point and freezing...Ch. 13 - 13.54 An aqueous solution contains the amino acid...Ch. 13 - 13.55 Pheromones are compounds secreted by the...Ch. 13 - 12.58 The elemental analysis of an organic solid...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.57QPCh. 13 - 13.58 A solution is prepared by condensing 4.00 L...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.59QPCh. 13 - 13.60 A solution of 2.50 g of a compound of...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.61QPCh. 13 - 13.62 A solution containing 0.8330 g of a protein...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.63QPCh. 13 - 13.64 A solution of 6.85 g of a carbohydrate in...Ch. 13 - 13.65 Define ion pairs. What effect does ion-pair...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.66QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.67QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.68QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.69QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.70QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.71QPCh. 13 - 13.72 At 25°C the vapor pressure of pure water is...Ch. 13 - 13.73 Both NaCl and CaCl2 are used to melt ice on...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.74QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.75QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.76QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.77QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.78QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.79QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.80QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.81QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.82QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.83QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.84QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.85QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.86QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.87QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.88QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.89QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.90QPCh. 13 - 13.91 Hydrogen peroxide with a concentration of...Ch. 13 - 13.92 Before a carbonated beverage bottle is...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.93QPCh. 13 - 13.94 Explain each of these statements: (a) The...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.95QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.96QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.97QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.98QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.99QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.100QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.101QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.102QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.103QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.104QPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.105SPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.106SPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.107SPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.108SPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.109SPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.110SPCh. 13 - 13.111 A student carried out the following...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.112SPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.113SPCh. 13 - Prob. 13.114SP
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