Chapter 13, Problem 13.71SP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The molarity of bleach and mole fraction of NaOCl in the bleach needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Solution stoichiometry involves the calculation of the concentration of solutions in the given conditions of volumes, moles, etc. There are various ways to calculate the concentration of solutions such as molarity, molality, mole fraction, ppm, ppb, etc. Mole fraction is the ratio of moles of substance and total moles in the solution or mixture. One ppm stands for part per million or milligrams per liter (mg/L), whereas parts per billion (ppb) is one part in 1 billion.

Molality represents the moles of solute dissolve in per kilograms of the solvent. The mathematical expression of molality is:

$\text{Molality=}\frac{\text{Moles of solute}}{\text{mass of solvent (kg)}}$

Mole fraction of any component in a solution can be calculated as:

$\text{Mole fracation of A =}\frac{\text{Moles of A}}{\text{moles of A + moles of B}}$