Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781118516461
Author: Neil D. Jespersen, Alison Hyslop
Publisher: WILEY
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 13, Problem 134RQ
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: A potential energy diagram that shows the way in which a primary explosive would start the reaction of a secondary explosive is to be drawn.
Concept Introduction:
Primary explosives are the ones that require a very small amount of energy to initiate an explosive reaction and can continue rapidly after the initiation of the reaction.
Secondary explosives are the explosives that require a higher amount of energy in the form of heat or flame in order to initiate an explosive reaction.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Why is there a danger of possible explosions in places like coal mines where there are large quantities of powdered, combustible materials?
PLACE THE GIVEN, UNKNOWN, AND FORMULA TO USE.COMPUTE USING 3 SIGNIFICANT FIGURES FOR EACH STEP AND FOR THE FINAL ANSWER.
Engineers and chemists designing explosives for mining find that the reaction is occurring too quickly to be safe, yet it is not effectively fracturing the rock. Explain how the explosives and the process could be modified to decrease the reaction rate of the explosion while making the blast more effective.
Chapter 13 Solutions
Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter
Ch. 13 - The iodate ion reacts with sulfite ions in the...Ch. 13 - Hydrogen sulfide burns in oxygen ro form sulfur...Ch. 13 - Use the graph in Figure 13.5 to estimate the rare...Ch. 13 - Practice Exercise 13.4 Use the graph in Figure...Ch. 13 - Prob. 5PECh. 13 - The rate law for the decomposition of HItoI2andH2...Ch. 13 - The reaction, BrO3-+3SO32-Br-+3SO42- has the rate...Ch. 13 - Practice Exercise 13.8
A certain reaction has an...Ch. 13 - Practice Exercise 13.9
For the reaction of with...Ch. 13 - Use the data from the other four experiments in...
Ch. 13 - Practice Exercise 13.11
Use the rate law...Ch. 13 - The following reaction is investigated to...Ch. 13 - Ordinary sucrose (table sugar) reacts with water...Ch. 13 - Practice Exercise 13.14 A certain reaction has the...Ch. 13 - When designing a consumer product, it is desirable...Ch. 13 - Practice Exercise 13.16
In Practice Exercise...Ch. 13 - Practice Exercise 13.17
In Practice Exercise...Ch. 13 -
Practice Exercise 13.15
From the answer to...Ch. 13 - Practice Exercise 13.19 The radioactive isotope,...Ch. 13 - Prob. 20PECh. 13 - Prob. 21PECh. 13 - For the reaction in Example 13.10, determine how...Ch. 13 - Practice Exercise 13.23
A sample of nitrosyl...Ch. 13 - Practice Exercise 13.24
The reaction is second...Ch. 13 - Suppose that the value of t1/2 for a certain...Ch. 13 - The reaction CH3I+HICH4+I2 was observed to have...Ch. 13 - Practice Exercise 13.27
Ozone decomposes to form...Ch. 13 - Prob. 28PECh. 13 - Practice Exercise 13.29
Select the reactions below...Ch. 13 - Ozone, O3, reacts with nitric oxide, NO, to form...Ch. 13 - Practice Exercise 13.31
The mechanism for the...Ch. 13 - Why are chemical reactions usually carried out in...Ch. 13 - 13.2 Give an example from everyday experience of...Ch. 13 - 13.3 What is a homogeneous reaction? What is a...Ch. 13 - How does particle size affect the rate of a...Ch. 13 - Prob. 5RQCh. 13 - 13.6 The rate of hardening of epoxy glue depends...Ch. 13 - 13.7 A PolaroidTM instant photograph develops...Ch. 13 - Prob. 8RQCh. 13 - 13.9 Persons who have been submerged in very cold...Ch. 13 - How does an instantaneous rate of reaction differ...Ch. 13 - What is the difference between the rate of...Ch. 13 - Explain how the initial instantaneous rate of...Ch. 13 - 13.13 What are the units of reaction rate? What is...Ch. 13 - 13.14 Describe how to determine the instantaneous...Ch. 13 - What are the units of the rate constant for (a) a...Ch. 13 - Prob. 16RQCh. 13 - Prob. 17RQCh. 13 - If the concentration of a reactant is doubled and...Ch. 13 - If the concentration of a reactant is doubled and...Ch. 13 - If the concentration of a reactant is doubled, by...Ch. 13 - In an experiment, the concentration of a reactant...Ch. 13 - Biological reactions usually involve the...Ch. 13 - Rearrange the integrated rate equations for (a) a...Ch. 13 - 13.24 How is the half-life of a first-order...Ch. 13 - 13.25 How is the half-life of a second-order...Ch. 13 - How is the half-life of a zero-order reaction...Ch. 13 - 13.27 Derive the equations for for first- and...Ch. 13 - 13.28 The integrated rate law for a zero-order...Ch. 13 - Which of the following graphs represents the data...Ch. 13 - 13.30 What is the basic postulate of collision...Ch. 13 - What two factors influence the effectiveness of...Ch. 13 - In terms of the kinetic theory, why does an...Ch. 13 - Prob. 33RQCh. 13 - Prob. 34RQCh. 13 - Draw a potential energy diagram for an exothermic...Ch. 13 - 13.36 Some might say that the “transition state...Ch. 13 - What is the activation energy? How is the...Ch. 13 - 13.38 The decomposition of carbon dioxide,
has an...Ch. 13 - 13.39 Draw the potential energy diagram for an...Ch. 13 - What is the definition of an elementary process?...Ch. 13 - What is a rate-determining step?Ch. 13 - What is an intermediate in the context of reaction...Ch. 13 - Free radicals are discussed in Chemistry Outside...Ch. 13 - Suppose we compared two reactions, one requiring...Ch. 13 - In what way is the rate law for a reaction related...Ch. 13 - How does an elementary process relate to (a) the...Ch. 13 - How does a catalyst increase the rate of a...Ch. 13 - 13.48 What is a homogeneous catalyst? How does it...Ch. 13 - What is the purpose of the catalytic converter...Ch. 13 - Tell how you would recognize a catalyst in a...Ch. 13 - Prob. 51RQCh. 13 - Why should leaded gasoline not be used in cars...Ch. 13 - The following data were collected at a certain...Ch. 13 - 13.54 The following data were collected for the...Ch. 13 - For the reaction, 2A+B3C, it was found that the...Ch. 13 - In the reaction, 3H2+N22NH3, how does the rate of...Ch. 13 - In the combustion of hexane (a low-boiling...Ch. 13 - At a certain moment in the reaction 2N2O54NO2+O2...Ch. 13 - Consider the reaction,...Ch. 13 - 13.60 The decomposition of phosphine, a very toxic...Ch. 13 - 13.61 Estimate the rate of the reaction,
given...Ch. 13 - 13.62 Estimate the rate of the reaction,
given...Ch. 13 - The oxidation of NO (released in small amounts in...Ch. 13 - The rate law for the decomposition of N2O5 is rate...Ch. 13 - The rate law for a certain enzymatic reaction is...Ch. 13 - 13.66 Radon-220 is radioactive, and decays into...Ch. 13 - The following data were collected for the reaction...Ch. 13 - Cyclopropane, C3H6, is a gas used as a general...Ch. 13 - 13.69 The reaction of iodide ion with hypochlorite...Ch. 13 - 13.70 The formation of small amounts of nitrogen...Ch. 13 - At a certain temperature, the following data were...Ch. 13 - The following data were obtained for the reaction...Ch. 13 - Data for the decomposition of SO2Cl2 according to...Ch. 13 - Prob. 74RQCh. 13 - The decomposition of SO2Cl2 described in Problem...Ch. 13 - 13.76 The decomposition of acetaldehyde, was...Ch. 13 - If it takes 75.0 min for the concentration of a...Ch. 13 - It takes 15.4 minutes for the concentration of a...Ch. 13 - The concentration of a drug in the body is often...Ch. 13 - 13.80 Phosphine, , decomposes into phosphorus, ,...Ch. 13 - Hydrogen iodide decomposes according to the...Ch. 13 - 13.82 The reaction of to form is second...Ch. 13 - Using the information determined in Problem 13.79,...Ch. 13 - The second-order rate constant for the...Ch. 13 - The half-life of a certain first-order reaction is...Ch. 13 - Strontium-90 has a half-life of 28 years. How long...Ch. 13 - 13.87 Using the graph from Problem 13.53,...Ch. 13 - Using the graph from Problem 13.54, determine how...Ch. 13 - Hydrogen peroxide, which decomposes in a...Ch. 13 - SO2Cl2 decomposes in a first-order process with a...Ch. 13 - Prob. 91RQCh. 13 - A tree killed by being buried under volcanic ash...Ch. 13 - Prob. 93RQCh. 13 - Prob. 94RQCh. 13 - The following data were collected for a reaction:...Ch. 13 - Rate constants were measured at various...Ch. 13 - NOCl decomposes as:...Ch. 13 - 13.98. The conversion of cyclopropane, an...Ch. 13 - The decomposition of N2O5 has an activation energy...Ch. 13 - At 35C, the rate constant for the reaction...Ch. 13 - The oxidation of NO to NO2, one of the reactions...Ch. 13 - A reaction has the following mechanism:...Ch. 13 - If the reaction NO2+CONO+CO2 occured by a one-step...Ch. 13 - If the reaction 2NO2(g)+F2(g)2NO2F(g) occurred by...Ch. 13 - Consider the general reaction AB+CAC+B If this...Ch. 13 - Nitrogen dioxide reacts with carbon monoxide to...Ch. 13 - 13.107. The oxidation of nitrogen monoxide with...Ch. 13 - The reaction of chloroform and chlorine forms...Ch. 13 - The following data were collected for the reaction...Ch. 13 - The age of wine can be determined by measuring the...Ch. 13 - 13.111 On the following graph, label the products,...Ch. 13 - Carbon-14 dating can be used to estimate the age...Ch. 13 - *13.113 What percentage of cesium chloride made...Ch. 13 - For the following reactions, predict how the rate...Ch. 13 - One of the reactions that occurs in polluted air...Ch. 13 - * 13.116 Suppose a reaction occurs with the...Ch. 13 - The decomposition of urea, (NH2)2CO,in0.10MHCl...Ch. 13 - Show that for a reaction that obeys the general...Ch. 13 - 13.119 The rates of many reactions approximately...Ch. 13 - If the rate constant for a first-order reaction is...Ch. 13 - For the following potential energy diagram, which...Ch. 13 - Prob. 122RQCh. 13 - Prob. 123RQCh. 13 -
*13.124 The cooking of an egg involves the...Ch. 13 -
*13.125 The following question is based on...Ch. 13 - Prob. 126RQCh. 13 - The experimental rate law for the reaction...Ch. 13 - Radioactive samples are considered to become...Ch. 13 - Use a spreadsheet to generate a graph for the data...Ch. 13 - 13.130 Use a spreadsheet to generate separate...Ch. 13 - Prob. 131RQCh. 13 - The catalyzed decomposition of ethanol at 327C has...Ch. 13 - *13.133 On December 19, 2007, the T2 Laboratories,...Ch. 13 - Prob. 134RQCh. 13 - Prob. 135RQCh. 13 - Can a reaction have a negative activation energy?...Ch. 13 - *13.137 Assume you have a three-step mechanism....Ch. 13 - 13.138 What range of ages can dating reliably...Ch. 13 - 13.139 Why are initial reaction rates used to...Ch. 13 - If a reaction is reversible (i.e., the products...Ch. 13 - Prob. 141RQCh. 13 - *13.142 How would you measure the rate of an...Ch. 13 - * 13.143 For a reaction done on the ton scale,...Ch. 13 - 13.44 Can we use molality instead of molarity in...
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- Explain how the rate of reaction rate in pressure cookers was increased by including these subtopics: 1. Explain with collision theory and energy potential diagrams: how the rate of reaction is affected by temperature, surface area, nature of reactants, concentration, etc. by using collision theory? 2l Discuss whether the reaction is endothermic or exothermic (use Hess’s Law, Le Châtelier’s Principle, or Kinetic Molecular Theory to explain in increasing rate of reaction and relevance by including all 4 required subtopics )arrow_forwardFrom the activity, answer guide number 5.arrow_forwardTwo chemicals A and B are combined to form a chemical C. The rate, or velocity, of the reaction is proportional to the product of the instantaneous amounts of A and B not converted to chemical C. Initially, there are 40 grams of A and 50 grams of B, and for each gram of B, 2 grams of A is used. It is observed that 25 grams of C is formed in 6 minutes. A. How much (in grams) is formed in 12 minutes? (Round your answer to one decimal place.) B. What is the limiting amount (in grams) of C after a long time? C. How much (in grams) of chemicals A and B remains after a long time? A: B:arrow_forward
- Two chemicals A and B are combined to form a chemical C. The rate of the reaction is proportional to the product of the instantaneous amounts of A and B not converted to chemical C. Initially there are 52 grams of A and 44 grams of B, and for each gram of B, 2 grams of A is used. It has been observed that 24 grams of C is formed in 15 minutes. How much is formed in 30 minutes? What is the limiting amount of C after a long time? grams of C are formed in 30 minutes grams is the limiting amount of C after a long timearrow_forwardReaction 1 FeO(s) + CO(g) → Fe(1) + CO2(g) AG" > 0 Reaction 2: C(s) + CO2(g) → 2 CO(g) AGzn <0 Overall reaction: FeO(s) + C(s) → Fe(l) + CO(g) AG n < 0 Subm The chemical equations above represent the main reactions that occur during the production of Fe(l) under certain conditions. The overall reaction couples reactions 1 and 2, resulting in a < 0? thermodynamically favorable process. Which of the following best explains whether or not a particle diagram could represent how the coupling of reaction 1 and reaction 2 results in AG A particle diagram that represents the increase in the volume of gaseous product particles would be a good representation of how the coupling of reactions 1 and 2 results in a thermodynamically favorable process. A particle diagram that represents the decrease in the average kinetic energy of the particles would be a good representation of how the coupling of reactions 1 and 2 results in a thermodynamically favorable process. A particle diagram cannot represent…arrow_forwardExplain how the rate of reaction rate in pressure cookers was increased by including these subtopics:1. Chemical reaction(s) involved with chemical equation(s)2. Reactants, products, and possible catalysts involved in the chemical reaction3. Explain with collision theory and energy potential diagrams: how the rate of reaction is affected by temperature, surface area, nature of reactants, concentration, etc. by using collision theory?4. Discuss whether the reaction is endothermic or exothermiarrow_forward
- Many snack foods have a high percentage of fat. It is the fat content that allows you to burn them using our "apparatus". Would you expect to be able to burn a piece of apple in our apparatus? Why or why not?arrow_forward4. Two chemicals A and B are combined to form a chemical C. The rate, or velocity, of the reaction is proportional to the product of the instantaneous amounts of A and B not converted to chemical C. Initially, there are 40 grams of A and 50 grams of B, and for each gram of B, 2 grams of A is used. It is observed that 10 grams of C is formed in 5 minutes. a. How much is formed in 20 minutes? b. What is the limiting amount of C after a long time? c. How much of chemicals A and B remains after a long time? d. At what time is chemical C half-formed? e. Plot the Solutions Using GeoGebra. f. Find the solution using Wolfram/ CAS calculator of GeoGebra. g. Find the numerical solution using numerical Solver/Python. h. Plot both the analytical solutions and Numerical Solutions together. Note : Use sliders in graphs wherever is requiredarrow_forwardFor the reaction 2N2O5(g) → 4NO2(g) + O2(g), the following data were collected. t (minutes) [N2O5] (mol/L) 0 1.24 × 10–2 10. 0.92 × 10–2 20. 0.68 × 10–2 30. 0.50 × 10–2 40. 0.37 × 10–2 50. 0.28 × 10–2 70. 0.15 × 10–2 The concentration N2O5 at 100 min will be approximately Question 17 options: A) 0.10 × 10–2 mol/L B) 0.01 × 10–2 mol/L C) 0.06 × 10–2 mol/L D) 0.03 × 10–2 mol/L E) none of thesearrow_forward
- For the reaction 2N2O5(g) → 4NO2(g) + O2(g), the following data were collected. t (minutes) [N2O5] (mol/L) 0 1.24 × 10–2 10. 0.92 × 10–2 20. 0.68 × 10–2 30. 0.50 × 10–2 40. 0.37 × 10–2 50. 0.28 × 10–2 70. 0.15 × 10–2 The order of this reaction in N2O5 is Question 15 options: A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 E) none of thesearrow_forwardFor the reaction 2N2O5(g) → 4NO2(g) + O2(g), the following data were collected. t (minutes) [N2O5] (mol/L) 0 1.24 × 10–2 10. 0.92 × 10–2 20. 0.68 × 10–2 30. 0.50 × 10–2 40. 0.37 × 10–2 50. 0.28 × 10–2 70. 0.15 × 10–2 The concentration of O2 at t = 10. min is Question 16 options: A) 0.32 × 10–2 mol/L B) 2.0 × 10–4 mol/L C) 0.64 × 10–2 mol/L D) 0.16 × 10–2 mol/L E) none of thesearrow_forwardCorrected True/False: Indicate whether each statement is true or false by circling the word true or the word false. If false, correct the statement to make it true in the space provided. 10. A physical change usually involves a greater enthalpy change than does a chemical change. True / False 11. In endothermic reactions the products have more kinetic energy than the reactants. True / False 12. The process of nuclear decay is a third order reaction. True / False 13. The rate-determining step is the slowest step in a reaction mechanism. True / Falsearrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Chemistry for Engineering StudentsChemistryISBN:9781337398909Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom HolmePublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry for Engineering Students
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337398909
Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme
Publisher:Cengage Learning