EP HUMAN BIOLOGY-MODIFIED MASTERING
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134326436
Author: Johnson
Publisher: PEARSON CO
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Chapter 13, Problem 10TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Specialized centers of brain control and regulate the secretions of hormones by different glands. Thus, the endocrine system and the nervous system both work together to carry out processes of the body.
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A hormone differs from a neurotransmitter in thata. hormones act extracellularly, whereas neurotransmitters act withinthe cell that synthesized them.b. hormones are released only by neurons, whereas neurotransmittersare released by many different types of cells.c. hormones cause only fast responses (seconds or less) to stimuli,whereas neurotransmitters cause slow responses (minutes to hours)to stimuli.d. hormones affect only epithelial cells, whereas neurotransmittersaffect only muscle cells.e. hormones are released into the bloodstream and can activate manycells in many parts of the body, whereas neurotransmitters arereleased by neurons and affect adjacent cells.
The term “central nervous system” is used to refer to which of the following?
a. The brain and spinal cord
b. The ventricles that sit at the center of the brain
c. Cranial nerves that make direct connections with the brain
d. Nerves leaving the spinal cord innervating axial or trunk muscles near the center of the body
Which of the following hormones is released by the hypothalamus during stress?
a. neuropeptide Y (NPY)
b. glucocorticoids (including cortisol)
c. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
d. corticotropin releasing factor (CRF; also called CRH)
Which of the following best describes hormones?
a. Hormones are relatively unstable and work only in the area adjacent to the gland that produced them.
b. Hormones are long-lasting chemicals released from glands.
c. All hormones are lipid-soluble.
d. Hormones are chemical messengers that are released into the environment.
Chapter 13 Solutions
EP HUMAN BIOLOGY-MODIFIED MASTERING
Ch. 13 -
1. Why do you think that endocrine disruptors...Ch. 13 - Prob. 2QCCh. 13 - List the functions of the six hormones secreted by...Ch. 13 - Prob. 2CRCh. 13 - Prob. 3CRCh. 13 -
4. Define when you would call a norepinephrine a...Ch. 13 - Explain why a 30-year-old short person cannot be...Ch. 13 - Describe the function of the two hormones from the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 7CRCh. 13 - Prob. 8CR
Ch. 13 - Prob. 9CRCh. 13 - Prob. 10CRCh. 13 - _________ hormones enter target cells and bind to...Ch. 13 - Prob. 2TYCh. 13 - Prob. 3TYCh. 13 - Which two hormones most directly regulate...Ch. 13 - All of the following represent hormone pairs with...Ch. 13 - Prob. 6TYCh. 13 - Prob. 7TYCh. 13 - Prob. 8TYCh. 13 - Prob. 9TYCh. 13 - Prob. 10TYCh. 13 - Prob. 11TYCh. 13 -
12. Which of the following statements about...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13TYCh. 13 - Prob. 14TYCh. 13 - Which of the following would be triggered by a...Ch. 13 - Prob. 1AWKCh. 13 - Explain why an injection of epinephrine to combat...Ch. 13 - From what you read in section 13.5 draw the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 4AWKCh. 13 - Prob. 5AWKCh. 13 - A student finishes up the fall semester with...
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- Which of the following manipulations could hypothetically alleviate the physiological stress response? A. Block the action of the parasympathetic nervous system. B. Apply an ACTH agonist. C. Block the action of the sympathetic nervous system. D. Increase the production of glucocorticoids.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is truc a. Neurotransmitters must bind to a receptor to exert an action on a cell but hormones do not have to bind to a receptor to exert an action b. The nervous system effects are longer lasting than the endocrine system c. The nervous system effects are faster to respond than the endocrine system d. The nervous system releases neurotransmitters into the bloodstream similar to how the endocrine system releases hormones into the bloodstreamarrow_forwardchemical messengers that are synthesized in response to a local stimulus and diffuse to neighboring target cells are a. autocrine b. paracrine c. neurotransmitters d. hormonesarrow_forward
- A neuroendocrine cell is best described as... A. A neuron that releases a neurotransmitter into a synapse B. An endocrine cell that secretes a hormone into the circulatory system C. A neuron that secretes a neurohormone into the circulatory system D. None of the abovearrow_forwardWhich statements describe how systems interact to produce the fight-or-flight response?Select the two correct answers. A The digestive system interacts with the excretory system, supplying hormones to slow the production of urine. B The endocrine system floods the circulatory system with hormones that affect several other body systems. C The endocrine system supplies the lungs with insulin, allowing increased absorption of oxygen. D The digestive system creates hormones that are sent to the muscular system, resulting in increased blood flow to muscles. E The muscular system sends receptors to the circulatory system to increase blood pressure and heart rate. F The circulatory system experiences a change in blood flow, which allows the muscular system to obtain additional glucose.arrow_forwardWhen you open a pizza box, particles of the pizza enter the air around you, and enter your nose when you breathe in. Which of the following internal control systems is responsible for gathering information about the conditions inside and outside of the body? * A. Communicating system B. Control center C. Sensor D. Thalamus 2. Which of the following hormonal imbalance explains obesity among women? * A. Low level of estrogen weakens the bone. B. Excess levels of androgen make oil glands extra productive. C. Changing estrogen levels affecting serotonin or “happy hormone”. D. Decreasing estrogen level stimulates a craving for fatty, salty, and sweet foods.arrow_forward
- All of the following occur during a stress response EXCEPT a. the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system is activated. b. the adrenal gland releases steroid hormones. c. an increased output of the heart increases blood flow to the muscles. d. glucose is made available for energy, due to the effects of epinephrine. Which of the following is NOT true of axons? a. They can vary greatly in length b. Under normal circumstances, they carry information toward the soma c. Some of them are covered with myelin sheaths d. They release chemicals that cross the synapsearrow_forwardWhich of the following hormones are NOT released in response to releasing hormones secreted by the hypothalamus? a. FSH and LH b. ADH and prostaglandin c. Oxytocin and thyroxine d. hGH and calcitoninarrow_forwardWhich of these homeostatic mechanisms in the body are examplesof positive feedback, and which are examples of negative feedback?Why?a. The adrenal glands produce epinephrine in response to a hormone produced by the pituitary gland in times of stress; the pituitary gland senses the epinephrine in the blood and stopsproducing the hormone.b. As the bladder fills with urine, pressure sensors send messagesto the brain with increasing frequency, signaling that the bladdermust be emptied. The more the bladder fills, the more messagesare sent.c. When you drink an excess of water, specialized cells in yourbrain, as well as stretch receptors in your heart, detect theincrease in blood volume. Both signals are transmitted to thekidneys, which increase the production of urine.arrow_forward
- Which of the following class of chemicals exerts its effects by entering cells, binding intracellular receptors, and affecting gene expression? a. Peptides b. Steroids c. Bioactive amines d. Amino acids Studies have demonstrated biological differences between adult heterosexual and adult homosexual men. Which of the following has been shown to be different between these groups? a. different pattern of cortical neuron branching b. different testosterone levels c. different size of a hypothalamic nucleus d. different estrogen levelsarrow_forwardWhich one of the following hormones does not have intracellular receptors? a. Estrogens b. Cortisol c. Insulin d. Epinephrine e. T3 Gs proteins serve as transducers in the action of: a. Testosterone b. PRL c. GH d. TSHarrow_forwardWhich of the following acts as the link between the nervous systemand the endocrine system?a. posterior pituitary gland b. hypothalamusc. anterior pituitary gland d. parathyroidarrow_forward
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