
Foundations in Microbiology
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780073522609
Author: Kathleen Park Talaro, Barry Chess Instructor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Question
Chapter 12.L2, Problem 1CT
Summary Introduction
To determine:
- What is a better way to explain what is happening when one says that a microbe has become “immune” to a drug?
- A simple test one could do to determine if drug resistance was developing in a culture.
Introduction:
It is often heard that microbe has become immune to a drug. This basically means that the microbe has become resistant to a drug. Drug resistance is usually an acquired characteristic and is a challenge to the pharmaceutical industry.
Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution
- When is it said that a microbe has become immune to a drug, it means that it has developed resistance against that drug. This happens when the microbe adapts to the drug and changes its genetic makeup that confers antibiotic resistance to that microbe.
- The developed drug resistance in a microbial culture can be tested easily by plating and incubating the culture with antibiotic drug; the seed plate technique. The culture must be plated and antibiotics may be sprayed or put in the form of discs and incubated at the appropriate conditions. If zone of inhibition is observed around the antibiotic, it means the culture is not resistant while it there is microbial growth in the culture, it may be inferred that the culture has developed resistance to that antibiotic drug.
Conclusion
Hence, it may be concluded that, the microbes develop resistance to antibiotic drugs by adapting to it and the resistance may be tested by seed plate technique.
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Chapter 12 Solutions
Foundations in Microbiology
Ch. 12.1 - State the goals of antimicrobial therapy.Ch. 12.1 - Discuss the origins of antimicrobial drugs.Ch. 12.1 - Differentiate between antibiotics, synthetic...Ch. 12.1 - Describe some of the special strategies of...Ch. 12.1 - Explain what is meant by a drug's spectrum and how...Ch. 12.1 - Summarize the five modes of action of...Ch. 12.1 - Differentiate between antibiotics and synthetic...Ch. 12.1 - Differentiate between narrow-spectrum and...Ch. 12.1 - Can you determine why some drugs have narrower...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 4CYP
Ch. 12.1 - What is the major source of antibiotics and what...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 6CYPCh. 12.1 - Prob. 7CYPCh. 12.1 - Explain the major modes of action of antimicrobial...Ch. 12.1 - Explain the concept of competitive inhibition, and...Ch. 12.1 - What would be the extended effects of drugs that...Ch. 12.2 - Describe the classes of antibacterial drugs that...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 8ELOCh. 12.2 - Indicate which types of antibacterial drugs block...Ch. 12.2 - Describe some new classes of antibacterial drugs...Ch. 12.2 - Construet a chart that summarizes the modes of...Ch. 12.2 - Why do the penicillin and cephalosporin groups of...Ch. 12.3 - Categorize antimicrobial drugs that are effective...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 12ELOCh. 12.3 - Prob. 13ELOCh. 12.3 - Prob. 14ELOCh. 12.3 - Prob. 13CYPCh. 12.3 - Explain why there are fewer antifungal,...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 15CYPCh. 12.3 - Summarize the origins and biological actions of...Ch. 12.4 - Describe the development of microbial drug...Ch. 12.4 - Explain the major mechanisms by which microbes...Ch. 12.4 - Review some of the ways to reduce levels of drug...Ch. 12.4 - Discuss how drug resistance spreads through a...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 17CYPCh. 12.4 - Prob. 18CYPCh. 12.4 - Prob. 19CYPCh. 12.4 - Prob. 20CYPCh. 12.5 - Summarize the adverse effects of drugs on the...Ch. 12.5 - Describe some of the toxic effects of drugs on...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 21ELOCh. 12.5 - Explain the ways in which drugs alter the normal...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 21CYPCh. 12.5 - Prob. 22CYPCh. 12.5 - Prob. 23CYPCh. 12.5 - Prob. 24CYPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 23ELOCh. 12.6 - Describe the principles behind sensitivity testing...Ch. 12.6 - Explain the uses of the minimum inhibitory...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 26ELOCh. 12.6 - Prob. 27ELOCh. 12.6 - Prob. 25CYPCh. 12.6 - Briefly describe the Kirby-Bauer test and its...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 27CYPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 28CYPCh. 12.6 - Discuss the general factors to consider in...Ch. 12.L1 - A compound synthesized by bacteria or fungi that...Ch. 12.L1 - Which statement is not an aim in the use of drugs...Ch. 12.L1 - Microbial resistance to drugs is acquired through...Ch. 12.L1 - R factors are ________ that contain a code for...Ch. 12.L1 - When a patient's immune system becomes reactive to...Ch. 12.L1 - An antibiotic that disrupts the normal flora can...Ch. 12.L1 - Prob. 7MCQCh. 12.L1 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 12.L1 - Prob. 9MCQCh. 12.L1 - Which of the following modes of action would be...Ch. 12.L1 - The MIC is the of a drug thal is required to...Ch. 12.L1 - An antimicrobial drug with a ________ therapeutic...Ch. 12.L1 - Matching. Select the mode of action for each drug...Ch. 12.L1 - What was the purpose of giving postexposure...Ch. 12.L1 - What is a probable reason that tuberculosis...Ch. 12.L1 - Summarize the major problems with drug therapy as...Ch. 12.L1 - Using the diagram as a guide, briefly explain how...Ch. 12.L1 - Observe table 12.4 with regard to type of microbe...Ch. 12.L1 - Drugs are often given to patients before going...Ch. 12.L1 - Write an essay covering some of the main concerns...Ch. 12.L1 - Prob. 5WCCh. 12.L1 - Explain the kinds of tests that would...Ch. 12.L1 - Summarize the primary reasons that we find...Ch. 12.L2 - Prob. 1CTCh. 12.L2 - Prob. 2CTCh. 12.L2 - You have been directed to take a sample from a...Ch. 12.L2 - From the results shown in figure 12.21, determine...Ch. 12.L2 - Explain why drugs that interfere with the...Ch. 12.L2 - In cases in which it is not possible to culture or...Ch. 12.L2 - Reviewing drug characteristics, choose an...Ch. 12.L2 - a. Using table 12.10 as a reference, find and...Ch. 12.L2 - For the following figures a-e, research the...
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