ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY: AN INTEGRATIVE A
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781265949440
Author: McKinley
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 12.7, Problem 19WDYL
Summary Introduction
To describe:
The concentration of ions (
Concept introduction:
The unequal distribution of positive and negative charge across the cell membrane results in membrane potential of a cell. The rise and fall in the membrane potential of an axon in a specific location cause a series of electrical response or action potential.
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Describe the conditions of a neuron at rest in terms of the RMP; concentration gradients for Na+, K+, Cl– along the entire neuron and Ca2+ at the synaptic knob; and the state of the gated channels.
What is the expected resting membrane potential (in mV) of a neuron that is typical in all ways except for possessing an intracellular potassium concentration of 94 mM and double the normal resting permeability to sodium?
Describe the contribution of each of the following to the establishment and maintenance of membrane potential:
Part A
Na+K+ Pump
Passive movement of K+ across the membrane
Passive movement of Na+ across the membrane
Part B
Resting membrane potential is approximately -70mV. Explain what resting membrane potential is and what -70mV refers to.
Chapter 12 Solutions
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY: AN INTEGRATIVE A
Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 1WDYLCh. 12.1 - Prob. 2WDYLCh. 12.1 - Prob. 3WDYLCh. 12.2 - Prob. 4WDYLCh. 12.2 - Prob. 5WDYLCh. 12.2 - Prob. 6WDYLCh. 12.2 - Prob. 7WDYLCh. 12.2 - Prob. 8WDYLCh. 12.3 - Prob. 9WDYLCh. 12.4 - If a person has a brain tumor, is it more likely...
Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 11WDYLCh. 12.4 - Prob. 12WDYLCh. 12.4 - Prob. 13WDYLCh. 12.5 - Prob. 14WDYLCh. 12.5 - Prob. 15WDYLCh. 12.6 - Prob. 16WDYLCh. 12.6 - Prob. 17WDYLCh. 12.7 - Prob. 18WDYLCh. 12.7 - Prob. 19WDYLCh. 12.7 - Prob. 20WDYLCh. 12.8 - How are EPSP and IPSP graded potentials...Ch. 12.8 - Prob. 22WDYLCh. 12.8 - How does depolarization and repolarization occur...Ch. 12.8 - Prob. 24WDYLCh. 12.8 - Prob. 25WDYLCh. 12.9 - Prob. 26WDYLCh. 12.9 - Prob. 27WDYLCh. 12.9 - Prob. 28WDYLCh. 12.10 - Prob. 29WDYLCh. 12.10 - Prob. 30WDYLCh. 12.10 - Prob. 31WDYLCh. 12.11 - Prob. 32WDYLCh. 12.11 - Prob. 33WDYLCh. 12 - Prob. 1DYKBCh. 12 - Prob. 2DYKBCh. 12 - Prob. 3DYKBCh. 12 - Prob. 4DYKBCh. 12 - Prob. 5DYKBCh. 12 - Prob. 6DYKBCh. 12 - _____ 7. An action potential is generated when...Ch. 12 - Prob. 8DYKBCh. 12 - Prob. 9DYKBCh. 12 - Prob. 10DYKBCh. 12 - What are the four structural types of neurons? How...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12DYKBCh. 12 - How does myelination differ between the CNS and...Ch. 12 - Describe the procedure by which a PNS axon may...Ch. 12 - Prob. 15DYKBCh. 12 - Prob. 16DYKBCh. 12 - Explain summation of EPSPs and IPSPs and the...Ch. 12 - Graph and explain the events associated with an...Ch. 12 - Prob. 19DYKBCh. 12 - Prob. 20DYKBCh. 12 - Prob. 1CALCh. 12 - Prob. 2CALCh. 12 - Prob. 3CALCh. 12 - Prob. 4CALCh. 12 - Sarah wants to call her new friend Julie and needs...Ch. 12 - Over a period of 6 to 9 months, Marianne began to...Ch. 12 - Prob. 2CSLCh. 12 - Prob. 3CSL
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- Conformational changes in channel proteins brought about by voltage changes are responsible for opening and closing Na+ and K+ gates during the generation of an action potential. (True or false?)arrow_forwardAssume presynaptic excitatory neuron A terminates on a postsynaptic cell near the axon hillock and presynaptic excitatory neuron B terminates on the same postsynaptic cell on a dendrite located on the side of the cell body opposite the axon hillock. Explain why rapid firing of presynaptic neuron A could bring the postsynaptic neuron to threshold through temporal summation, thus initiating an action potential, whereas firing of presynaptic neuron B at the same frequency and the same magnitude of EPSPs may not bring the postsynaptic neuron to threshold.arrow_forwardWhat is the expected resting membrane potential (in mV) of a neuron that is typical in all ways except for possessing an extracellular potassium concentration of 104.3 mM, an intracellular sodium concentration of 103.6 mM, and 4 times the normal resting permeability to sodium?arrow_forward
- Describe the action potential in terms of the different functional states of the voltage- gated Na+ membrane channels (Note: there are three states)arrow_forwardDescribe the ion concentration gradients across the plasmamembrane of a neuron at resting potential.arrow_forwardCompare the resting membrane potential of a neuron with the potassium and sodium equilibrium potentials. Explain how this comparison relates to the relative permeabilities of the resting plasma membrane to these two ions.arrow_forward
- Describe the contribution of each of the following to the establishment and maintenance of membrane potential: Part A Na+K+ Pump Passive movement of K+ across the membrane Passive movement of Na+ across the membranearrow_forwardDraw details of the repolarization phase of an action potential from the following descriptions of the sequences of AfterHyperPolarization (AHP) and AfterDePolarization (ADP) sequences. Make the distinct phases clear and noticeable (5 % each) A complex AHP consisting of a first component AHP, an ADP, and a second component AHP before repolarization to resting membrane potential a first fast AHP component, followed by a slower AHP, followed by a fast ADP, and a second late AHP component before repolarization to restarrow_forwardSummarize neuron communication from the moment of receptor stimulation to the response of an effector, such as a muscle fiber, and define neurotransmitter, resting membrane potential, and current. Define electrochemical gradients and the term “polarized”, and describe the electrochemical basis of the resting membrane potential including the function of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential. Describe graded potentials including hyperpolarizing and depolarizing graded potentials. Describe action potentials (nerve impulses) including: Thresholds All-or-none principle Phases of action potential generation Refractory periodarrow_forward
- Assume the membrane is only permeable to Na+ and K+, the electrical model of axon membrane is the following: Outside A INa gna ENa Ex D Inside The membrane potential at rest and at peak is -70mV and 45mV respectively; the potential of Sodium ion is 60mV and the potential of Potassium ion is -80mV. Find the ratio 9Na at rest and at peak. gKarrow_forwardDescribe the events of an action potential in terms of ions and gates or channels beginning with the generation of a local potential through the re-establishment of resting membrane potential.arrow_forwardAt the peak of the neuronal action potential, Vm is approximately +50 mV. Assuming normal intracellular and extracellular K+ concentrations ( [K+]o = 4 mM, [K+]i = 150 mM ), what is the driving force (in mV) that acts on K+ ions at the peak of the action potential?arrow_forward
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