Foundations in Microbiology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781259705212
Author: Kathleen Park Talaro, Barry Chess Instructor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 12.6, Problem 24CYP
Summary Introduction
To explain:
The determination of microbial drug sensitivity using dilution susceptibility tests and disc diffusion tests.
Introduction:
Although not all infectious agents require antimicrobial sensitivity testing, it is essential in those groups of bacteria commonly showing resistance; for instance, Staphylococcus species, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, and the aerobic gram-negative enteric bacilli.
Testing may not be necessary for treating certain groups of bacteria that are known to be uniformly susceptible to penicillins. However, if the patient is allergic to penicillin, these tests may be necessary.
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How are dilution susceptibility tests and disc diffusion tests usedto determine microbial drug sensitivity?
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Chapter 12 Solutions
Foundations in Microbiology
Ch. 12.1 - State the goals of antimicrobial therapy.Ch. 12.1 - Discuss the origins of antimicrobial drugs.Ch. 12.1 - Differentiate between antibiotics, synthetic...Ch. 12.1 - Describe some of the special strategies of...Ch. 12.1 - Explain what is meant by a drug's spectrum and how...Ch. 12.1 - Summarize the five modes of action of...Ch. 12.1 - Differentiate between antibiotics and synthetic...Ch. 12.1 - Differentiate between narrow-spectrum and...Ch. 12.1 - Can you determine why some drugs have narrower...Ch. 12.1 - What is the major source of antibiotics and what...
Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 5CYPCh. 12.1 - Prob. 6CYPCh. 12.1 - Explain the major modes of action of antimicrobial...Ch. 12.1 - Explain the concept of competitive inhibition, and...Ch. 12.1 - What would be the extended effects of drugs that...Ch. 12.2 - Describe the classes of antibacterial drugs that...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 8ELOCh. 12.2 - Indicate which types of antibacterial drugs block...Ch. 12.2 - Describe some new classes of antibacterial drugs...Ch. 12.2 - Construet a chart that summarizes the modes of...Ch. 12.2 - Why do the penicillin and cephalosporin groups of...Ch. 12.3 - Categorize antimicrobial drugs that are effective...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 12ELOCh. 12.3 - Prob. 13ELOCh. 12.3 - Prob. 14ELOCh. 12.3 - Prob. 12CYPCh. 12.3 - Explain why there are fewer antifungal,...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 14CYPCh. 12.3 - Summarize the origins and biological actions of...Ch. 12.4 - Describe the development of microbial drug...Ch. 12.4 - Explain the major mechanisms by which microbes...Ch. 12.4 - Review some of the ways to reduce levels of drug...Ch. 12.4 - Discuss how drug resistance spreads through a...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 16CYPCh. 12.4 - Prob. 17CYPCh. 12.4 - Outline several situations or events that increase...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 19CYPCh. 12.5 - Summarize the adverse effects of drugs on the...Ch. 12.5 - Describe some of the toxic effects of drugs on...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 21ELOCh. 12.5 - Explain the ways in which drugs alter the normal...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 20CYPCh. 12.5 - Prob. 21CYPCh. 12.5 - Prob. 22CYPCh. 12.5 - Prob. 23CYPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 23ELOCh. 12.6 - Describe the principles behind sensitivity testing...Ch. 12.6 - Explain the uses of the minimum inhibitory...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 26ELOCh. 12.6 - Prob. 27ELOCh. 12.6 - Prob. 24CYPCh. 12.6 - Briefly describe the Kirby-Bauer test and its...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 26CYPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 27CYPCh. 12.6 - Discuss the general factors to consider in...Ch. 12.L1 - A compound synthesized by bacteria or fungi that...Ch. 12.L1 - Which statement is not an aim in the use of drugs...Ch. 12.L1 - Microbial resistance to drugs is acquired through...Ch. 12.L1 - R factors are ________ that contain a code for...Ch. 12.L1 - When a patient's immune system becomes reactive to...Ch. 12.L1 - An antibiotic that disrupts the normal flora can...Ch. 12.L1 - Prob. 7MCQCh. 12.L1 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 12.L1 - Prob. 9MCQCh. 12.L1 - Which of the following modes of action would be...Ch. 12.L1 - The MIC is the of a drug thal is required to...Ch. 12.L1 - An antimicrobial drug with a ________ therapeutic...Ch. 12.L1 - Matching. Select the mode of action for each drug...Ch. 12.L1 - What was the purpose of giving postexposure...Ch. 12.L1 - What is a probable reason that tuberculosis...Ch. 12.L1 - Summarize the major problems with drug therapy as...Ch. 12.L1 - Using the diagram as a guide, briefly explain how...Ch. 12.L1 - Observe table 12.4 with regard to type of microbe...Ch. 12.L1 - Drugs are often given to patients before going...Ch. 12.L1 - Write an essay covering some of the main concerns...Ch. 12.L1 - Prob. 5WCCh. 12.L1 - Explain the kinds of tests that would...Ch. 12.L1 - Summarize the primary reasons that we find...Ch. 12.L2 - In 2015 the WHO surveyed 10,000 people on the...Ch. 12.L2 - Explain a simple test one could do to determine if...Ch. 12.L2 - Prob. 3CTCh. 12.L2 - You have been directed to take a sample from a...Ch. 12.L2 - From the results shown in figure 12.21, determine...Ch. 12.L2 - Explain why drugs that interfere with the...Ch. 12.L2 - In cases in which it is not possible to culture or...Ch. 12.L2 - Reviewing drug characteristics, choose an...Ch. 12.L2 - a. Using table 12.10 as a reference, find and...Ch. 12.L2 - For the following figures a-e, research the...
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- Why is the effectiveness of an antimicrobial agent determined using an exponentially growing bacterial culture? Please explain.arrow_forwardWhat are the best characteristics of an antibiotic to be used for antibiotic susceptibility test?arrow_forwardDefine the following terms; Sterilization, and Aseptic Technique. What are the differences between the two concepts?arrow_forward
- Discuss the procedure and application for the agar well diffusion method of evaluating antimicrobial activity.arrow_forwardWhat is high throughput screening in the discovery of drug ?arrow_forwardEx. 17: Chemotherapeutic Agents Using the Antimicrobial Susceptibility Table on pg 62 in the lab manual, determine whether not the bacteria plated in this Kirby-Bauer test are resistant (R), intermediate (I), or susceptible (S). The bacterial species tested was Escherichia coli (Gram negative). Ciprofloxacin Diameter = 20 Streptomycin Diameter 30 Carbenicillin Diameter 17 + Erythromycin Diameter = 23 Novobiocin Diameter = 0 bacterial growth = disk with antibiotic (see labels) = no growtharrow_forward
- Name and describe three mechanisms of acquired antimicrobial resistance tools that microbes may use to thwart drug action.arrow_forwardHow is the information from a Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test used for the recommendation of the clinical use of an antimicrobial drug? Who should be responsible for discovering and developing new antibiotics? Support your answer with reasoning.arrow_forwardWhat are the primary medical practices that result in antimicrobial drug resistance? How can these be overcome?arrow_forward
- Why are biochemical tests used to identify microbes?arrow_forwardThe Kirby -Bauer antimicrobial sensitivity testing method relies on: A. The inhibition of one antimicrobial by another B. The diffusion of antimicrobials in paper discs C. Serial dilutions of antimicrobials in test tubes D. A gradient of an antimicrobial on a paper striparrow_forwardhttp://vlab.amrita.edu/?sub=3&brch=73&sim=1628&cnt=1 Explain how the Kirby-Bauer method relies on diffusion of antibioticsarrow_forward
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