Five basic mechanisms of drug resistance. Introduction: There are different mechanisms by which drug resistance is manifested. Development of alternate enzymes that inactivate the drug (occurs only when new genes are acquired). Decreased or eliminated permeability or uptake of drug into bacterium. Engaging special drug transport pumps that remove the drug. Decreased number or affinity of binding sites for drug (can occur via mutation or acquisition of new genes). Shut down of affected metabolic pathway or use of an alternate pathway (occurs due to mutation of original enzyme[s]). Some bacteria can become resistant indirectly by lapsing into dormancy or by converting to a cell wall-deficient form.

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Chapter 12.4, Problem 17CYP

Summary Introduction

To explain:

Five basic mechanisms of drug resistance.

Introduction:

There are different mechanisms by which drug resistance is manifested.

Development of alternate enzymes that inactivate the drug (occurs only when new genes are acquired).

Decreased or eliminated permeability or uptake of drug into bacterium.

Engaging special drug transport pumps that remove the drug.

Decreased number or affinity of binding sites for drug (can occur via mutation or acquisition of new genes).

Shut down of affected metabolic pathway or use of an alternate pathway (occurs due to mutation of original enzyme[s]).

Some bacteria can become resistant indirectly by lapsing into dormancy or by converting to a cell wall-deficient form.

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