The reagent for the given transformation should be identified. Concept introduction: 9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene . Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols. The role of dilute sulfuric acid is used for the hydration of alkene in organic synthesis . The oxymercuration reaction is an electrophilic addition reaction, an alkene undergoes oxymercuration and forms neutral alcohol. Anti-Markovnikov’s rule : unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions (negative part) goes to the less substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides. Markovnikov addition : unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions (negative part) goes to the more substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 12.3, Problem 8CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent for the given transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols.

The role of dilute sulfuric acid is used for the hydration of alkene in organic synthesis.

The oxymercuration reaction is an electrophilic addition reaction, an alkene undergoes oxymercuration and forms neutral alcohol.

Anti-Markovnikov’s rule: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions (negative part) goes to the less substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

Markovnikov addition: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions (negative part) goes to the more substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent for the given transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols.

The role of dilute sulfuric acid is used for the hydration of alkene in organic synthesis.

The oxymercuration reaction is an electrophilic addition reaction, an alkene undergoes oxymercuration and forms neutral alcohol.

Anti-Markovnikov’s rule: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions (negative part) goes to the less substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

Markovnikov addition: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions (negative part) goes to the more substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent for the given transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols.

The role of dilute sulfuric acid is used for the hydration of alkene in organic synthesis.

The oxymercuration reaction is an electrophilic addition reaction, an alkene undergoes oxymercuration and forms neutral alcohol.

Anti-Markovnikov’s rule: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions (negative part) goes to the less substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

Markovnikov addition: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions (negative part) goes to the more substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

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First image: Why can't the molecule C be formed in those conditions Second image: Synthesis for lactone C its not an exam

First image: I have to show the mecanism for the reaction on the left, where the alcohol A is added fast in one portion Second image: I have to show the mecanism of the reaction at the bottom. Also I have to show by mecanism why the reaction wouldn't work if the alcohol was primary

First image: I have to explain why the molecule C is never formed in those conditions. Second image: I have to propose a synthesis for the lactone A

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 12.3, Problem 8CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent for the given transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols.

The role of dilute sulfuric acid is used for the hydration of alkene in organic synthesis.

The oxymercuration reaction is an electrophilic addition reaction, an alkene undergoes oxymercuration and forms neutral alcohol.

Anti-Markovnikov’s rule: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions (negative part) goes to the less substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

Markovnikov addition: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions (negative part) goes to the more substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent for the given transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols.

The role of dilute sulfuric acid is used for the hydration of alkene in organic synthesis.

The oxymercuration reaction is an electrophilic addition reaction, an alkene undergoes oxymercuration and forms neutral alcohol.

Anti-Markovnikov’s rule: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions (negative part) goes to the less substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

Markovnikov addition: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions (negative part) goes to the more substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent for the given transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols.

The role of dilute sulfuric acid is used for the hydration of alkene in organic synthesis.

The oxymercuration reaction is an electrophilic addition reaction, an alkene undergoes oxymercuration and forms neutral alcohol.

Anti-Markovnikov’s rule: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions (negative part) goes to the less substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

Markovnikov addition: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions (negative part) goes to the more substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 12.3, Problem 8CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent for the given transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols.

The role of dilute sulfuric acid is used for the hydration of alkene in organic synthesis.

The oxymercuration reaction is an electrophilic addition reaction, an alkene undergoes oxymercuration and forms neutral alcohol.

Anti-Markovnikov’s rule: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions (negative part) goes to the less substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

Markovnikov addition: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions (negative part) goes to the more substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent for the given transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols.

The role of dilute sulfuric acid is used for the hydration of alkene in organic synthesis.

The oxymercuration reaction is an electrophilic addition reaction, an alkene undergoes oxymercuration and forms neutral alcohol.

Anti-Markovnikov’s rule: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions (negative part) goes to the less substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

Markovnikov addition: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions (negative part) goes to the more substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent for the given transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols.

The role of dilute sulfuric acid is used for the hydration of alkene in organic synthesis.

The oxymercuration reaction is an electrophilic addition reaction, an alkene undergoes oxymercuration and forms neutral alcohol.

Anti-Markovnikov’s rule: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions (negative part) goes to the less substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

Markovnikov addition: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions (negative part) goes to the more substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 12.3, Problem 8CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent for the given transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols.

The role of dilute sulfuric acid is used for the hydration of alkene in organic synthesis.

The oxymercuration reaction is an electrophilic addition reaction, an alkene undergoes oxymercuration and forms neutral alcohol.

Anti-Markovnikov’s rule: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions (negative part) goes to the less substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

Markovnikov addition: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions (negative part) goes to the more substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent for the given transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols.

The role of dilute sulfuric acid is used for the hydration of alkene in organic synthesis.

The oxymercuration reaction is an electrophilic addition reaction, an alkene undergoes oxymercuration and forms neutral alcohol.

Anti-Markovnikov’s rule: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions (negative part) goes to the less substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

Markovnikov addition: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions (negative part) goes to the more substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent for the given transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols.

The role of dilute sulfuric acid is used for the hydration of alkene in organic synthesis.

The oxymercuration reaction is an electrophilic addition reaction, an alkene undergoes oxymercuration and forms neutral alcohol.

Anti-Markovnikov’s rule: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions (negative part) goes to the less substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

Markovnikov addition: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions (negative part) goes to the more substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

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Answer 5

Chapter 12.3, Problem 8CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent for the given transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols.

The role of dilute sulfuric acid is used for the hydration of alkene in organic synthesis.

The oxymercuration reaction is an electrophilic addition reaction, an alkene undergoes oxymercuration and forms neutral alcohol.

Anti-Markovnikov’s rule: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions (negative part) goes to the less substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

Markovnikov addition: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions (negative part) goes to the more substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent for the given transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols.

The role of dilute sulfuric acid is used for the hydration of alkene in organic synthesis.

The oxymercuration reaction is an electrophilic addition reaction, an alkene undergoes oxymercuration and forms neutral alcohol.

Anti-Markovnikov’s rule: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions (negative part) goes to the less substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

Markovnikov addition: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions (negative part) goes to the more substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent for the given transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols.

The role of dilute sulfuric acid is used for the hydration of alkene in organic synthesis.

The oxymercuration reaction is an electrophilic addition reaction, an alkene undergoes oxymercuration and forms neutral alcohol.

Anti-Markovnikov’s rule: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions (negative part) goes to the less substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

Markovnikov addition: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions (negative part) goes to the more substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

Answer 6

Chapter 12.3, Problem 8CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent for the given transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols.

The role of dilute sulfuric acid is used for the hydration of alkene in organic synthesis.

The oxymercuration reaction is an electrophilic addition reaction, an alkene undergoes oxymercuration and forms neutral alcohol.

Anti-Markovnikov’s rule: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions (negative part) goes to the less substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

Markovnikov addition: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions (negative part) goes to the more substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

Answer 7

Chapter 12.3, Problem 8CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent for the given transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols.

The role of dilute sulfuric acid is used for the hydration of alkene in organic synthesis.

The oxymercuration reaction is an electrophilic addition reaction, an alkene undergoes oxymercuration and forms neutral alcohol.

Anti-Markovnikov’s rule: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions (negative part) goes to the less substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

Markovnikov addition: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions (negative part) goes to the more substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent for the given transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols.

The role of dilute sulfuric acid is used for the hydration of alkene in organic synthesis.

The oxymercuration reaction is an electrophilic addition reaction, an alkene undergoes oxymercuration and forms neutral alcohol.

Anti-Markovnikov’s rule: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions (negative part) goes to the less substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

Markovnikov addition: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions (negative part) goes to the more substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent for the given transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols.

The role of dilute sulfuric acid is used for the hydration of alkene in organic synthesis.

The oxymercuration reaction is an electrophilic addition reaction, an alkene undergoes oxymercuration and forms neutral alcohol.

Anti-Markovnikov’s rule: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions (negative part) goes to the less substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

Markovnikov addition: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions (negative part) goes to the more substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent for the given transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols.

The role of dilute sulfuric acid is used for the hydration of alkene in organic synthesis.

The oxymercuration reaction is an electrophilic addition reaction, an alkene undergoes oxymercuration and forms neutral alcohol.

Anti-Markovnikov’s rule: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions (negative part) goes to the less substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

Markovnikov addition: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions (negative part) goes to the more substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reagent for the given transformation should be identified.

Concept introduction:

9-BBN (9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) or diborane is used for the hydroboration of alkene. Boron addition to the double bond and subsequent oxidation of the new formed borane yields anti-Markovnikov alcohols.

The role of dilute sulfuric acid is used for the hydration of alkene in organic synthesis.

The oxymercuration reaction is an electrophilic addition reaction, an alkene undergoes oxymercuration and forms neutral alcohol.

Anti-Markovnikov’s rule: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions (negative part) goes to the less substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

Markovnikov addition: unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, halide ions (negative part) goes to the more substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond which provides alkyl halides.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 1LTS Ch. 12.1 - PRACTICE the skill Provide an IUPAC name for each...Ch. 12.1 - Safer alternatives to existing insecticides and...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 3CC Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 4CC Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 2LTS Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 5PTS Ch. 12.2 - Flavonoids are a class of naturally occurring...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 7CC Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 8CC

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