Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 12.1, Problem 1TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Gene regulation is the mechanism which either induce or repress the expression of a gene. Gene expression is the process by which information in a gene is transcribed into a mRNA molecule and then a protein is synthesized by decoding the information on mRNA strand. In gene regulation, interactions between genes, RNA, proteins and other components determine when and where a specific gene should be translated and amount of protein or RNA should be produced.
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Mutations in DNA may or may not result in a change in the phenotype of an organism. In which of the following situations will a mutation appear in the phenotype of an individual?
The mutation occurs in an organism which is past reproductive age
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O The mutation results in a change in the amino acid sequence of the protein in a gamete producing cell
Which of the following can occur when genes are not expressed properly?
it can result in uncontrolled cell growth, forming tumors
the DNA of the cell will be destroyed by RNA
only the proteins needed by the specific cell are created
genes will create carbohydrates instead of proteins
Which of the following defines a master regulator?
Chapter 12 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 12.1 - How does gene regulation underlie the different...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 12.1 - The most common point of gene regulation in...Ch. 12.2 - Which genes are under the control of the lac...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 12.2 - Prob. 1BCCh. 12.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 12.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 12.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 12.3 - Prob. 2TYK
Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 12.4 - Prob. 1BCCh. 12.4 - A chromatin-remodeling complex may change the...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 12.5 - What is the biological advantage of alternative...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 12.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 12.5 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 12 - Genes that are expressed at all times at...Ch. 12 - Prob. 2TYCh. 12 - Transcription factors that bind to DNA and...Ch. 12 - Prob. 4TYCh. 12 - Prob. 5TYCh. 12 - Prob. 6TYCh. 12 - Prob. 7TYCh. 12 - Prob. 8TYCh. 12 - Prob. 9TYCh. 12 - Prob. 10TYCh. 12 - What is the difference between inducible and...Ch. 12 - Transcriptional regulation often involves a...Ch. 12 - PRINCIPLES A principle of biology is that the...Ch. 12 - Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of...Ch. 12 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- A gene is constitutively expressed when it is: a. always copied into RNA, and the RNA is always used to make protein b. used to make 2 different mRNAs from 1 pre-mRNA c. only copied into RNA in certain cell or tissue types, or under certain circumstances d. always copied into RNA, but the RNA is only used to make protein under certain conditionsarrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT true about the agouti gene? -methylated gene results in a brown coat -different amount of methylation result in different fur pigmentation -diet supplement can influence methylation -the gene can be methylated and unmethylated during an individual's lifearrow_forwardAnother way how the expression of a gene can exceed the normal pace is if a person has more than one copy of it. There will be a variation or alteration in the gene sequence providing long regulation. Group of answer choices Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is incorrect Both statements are incorrect Statement 1 is incorrect, statement 2 is correct Both statements are correctarrow_forward
- The methylation of a promotor: is random; sometimes the promotors are methylated and sometimes they're not, but the state of methylation is independent of the environment or cell type. is 'fixed' (can not change); such genes are permanently turned off. is 'fixed' (can not change), but this has no effect on whether genes are expressed. can change over time in response to environmental cues, allowing genes to be turned on or off as needed. can change over time in response to environmental cues, but this has no effect on gene expression. O O O O Oarrow_forwardWhich of the following mutations would not convert a proto-oncogene into an oncogene? A translocation that places the gene at a new locus where gene expression is increased. A mutation in the coding region that makes the protein resisitant to degradation. Gene duplication. A mutation in the coding region that makes the protein hyperactive. A deletion of an enhancer that lies 3’ to the coding region.arrow_forwardFor each of the following sentences, fill in the blanks with the best word or phrase selected from the list below. Not all words or phrases will be used; use each word or phrase only once. For a cell's genetic material to be used, the information is first copied from the DNA into the nucleotide sequence of RNA in a process called . Various kinds of RNA are produced, each with different functions, as follows: molecules code for proteins, molecules act as adaptors for protein synthesis, molecules are integral components of the ribosome, and molecules are important in the splicing of RNA transcripts. incorporation FRNA translation MRNA snRNPs transmembrane PRNA transcription TRNA proteinarrow_forward
- Gene expression is a term that relates to Select one: A. DNA replication. B. the flow of genetic information from DNA to proteins. C. how genes are passed from parent to offspring. D. the unique set of genes in an individual.arrow_forwardWhat is the most likely method by which a gene produces red eyes in fruit flies? the gene codes for an enzyme that changes a colorless chemical into a red chemical in the cells of the eye the gene codes for an enzyme that is red a mutation changes the coding sequence of the gene so that it codes for a red protein instead of a white protein the gene codes for a chemical that is red in colorarrow_forwardImagine you took a protein coding sequence of DNA (a gene) from a pig, and added that sequence of DNA to a fruit fly. What would the resulting protein be like? The gene could be expressed, but it would be the fly version of the same gene The protein would be identical to the pig version of the protein The protein would be a mutated version of the pig protein No protein could be produced because of the difference in speciesarrow_forward
- Many aspects of gene function can be nicely explained with the one- gene-one-enzyme hypothesis, which states that a gene controls the production of an enzyme. Which of the following findings about gene expression, though, requires an expansion of this simple concept? Non-enzyme proteins are made from genes too. Some genes code for RNA molecules only. Enzymes composed of different polypeptides are coded for by more than one gene. a and c, but not b a, b, and carrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT a reason cells regulate gene expression at a level other than the transcriptional level? Some proteins are only required in part of the cell and transcriptional control will only regulate the mRNA/protein throughout the cell. The core promoter for many genes is the same, so these genes will always be transcribed in the same cells. Differential gene expression in different cell types requires regulation of gene expression at levels other than transcription. Transcription and translation are realtively slow processes, so cells need to regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally if they require a fast change in expression of a gene. Not all cells are transcriptionally active (meaning they do not transcribe any genes), so these cells need to regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally.arrow_forwardBeing able to understand the relationship between DNA, mRNA, tRNA, ribosomes and proteins, is necessary for any researcher interested in gene therapy. Gene therapy is dedicated to correcting genetic defects by replacing mutated genes with wildtype versions. This can include complete removal and introduction of a working copy of the entire gene (using knock-outs and knock-ins) or removal of only the actual mutated nucleotide. Sickle Cell Disease is an example of a recessive disorder based on a single-point mutation: GAG becomes GTG, which encodes a new amino acid. One would only need to replace a single base to correct the disorder making it very attractive to gene therapy researchers. The mutant sickle cell allele is called HbS (for sickled hemoglobin) while the wt allele is HbA. Pretend that Arcel Kasongo, a masters student from Cambridge, is studying for an oral exam on gene therapy, and has an especial interest in the disorder since he comes from the Democratic Republic of Congo…arrow_forward
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