Chapter 12.1, Problem 12.4P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The base shown is sufficiently strong or not to deprotonate the given alkyne has to be determined and if it is strong enough, the formed alkynide ion has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Alkynes are the compounds that contain a triple bond between two carbon atoms.  The carbon atom present in the triple bond is $sp$ hybridised.  Due to this, the geometry of alkyne will be linear.  Terminal alkyne are the one which has a proton attached to the triple bond and internal alkyne are the one in which there are no protons attached to the triple bond.

In order to deprotonate a terminal alkyne, the base that is used has to be less stable than the resulting alkynide ion.

There are few factors which determine the strength of the acid and they are,

• What atom the charge is present
• Resonance
• Induction
• Orbitals

If the charge is on a more electronegative atom, then it is stabilized more.  Hence, the compound will be more acidic.

If the negative charge is made to participate in resonance, then the negative charge will be stabilized.  This increases the stability of the conjugate base and in turn the compound will be more acidic.

Pull of the electron density by the more electronegative atom is known as induction.  The inductive effects can stabilize or destabilize the conjugate base.  If the inductive effect stabilize the conjugate base, then the compound will be acidic.

The orbital in which the negative charge is present also plays an important role in stability of the conjugate base.  A negative charge on $sp$ hybridized orbital is more stable than the negative charge that is present on $s{p}^3$ hybridized orbital.

In order to find whether the compound is more acidic or not, the first step is to remove the proton to form conjugate base.  Then look for the above four factors.  For the stability of bases, the first factor and the fourth factor is the most important one.

The stability order due to electronegativity can be given as shown below,

The stability order due to factor 4 is based upon the hybridization.  $s{p}^3$ hybridized orbital is more stable than $s{p}^2$ followed by $sp$ hybridized orbital.