(a)
Interpretation: The premise underlying the collision model and the effect on the rate by the given terms is to be stated. The potential energy versus reaction progress plot for an endothermic as well as an exothermic reaction is to be stated. The effect on the rate of the forward reaction if the reaction is exothermic and if the reaction is endothermic is to be stated.
Concept introduction: The change observed in the concentration of a reactant or a product per unit time is known as the rate of the particular reaction. The differential rate law provides the rate of a reaction at specific reaction concentrations. The minimum amount of energy that is required for a
To determine: The premise underlying the collision model and the effect on the rate by the given terms; the potential energy versus reaction progress plot for an endothermic as well as an exothermic reaction and the effect on the rate of the forward reaction if the reaction is exothermic and if the reaction is endothermic.
(b)
Interpretation: The premise underlying the collision model and the effect on the rate by the given terms is to be stated. The potential energy versus reaction progress plot for an endothermic as well as an exothermic reaction is to be stated. The effect on the rate of the forward reaction if the reaction is exothermic and if the reaction is endothermic is to be stated.
Concept introduction: The change observed in the concentration of a reactant or a product per unit time is known as the rate of the particular reaction. The differential rate law provides the rate of a reaction at specific reaction concentrations. The minimum amount of energy that is required for a chemical reaction to take place is known as activation energy.
To determine: The premise underlying the collision model and the effect on the rate by the given terms; the potential energy versus reaction progress plot for an endothermic as well as an exothermic reaction and the effect on the rate of the forward reaction if the reaction is exothermic and if the reaction is endothermic.
(c)
Interpretation: The premise underlying the collision model and the effect on the rate by the given terms is to be stated. The potential energy versus reaction progress plot for an endothermic as well as an exothermic reaction is to be stated. The effect on the rate of the forward reaction if the reaction is exothermic and if the reaction is endothermic is to be stated.
Concept introduction: The change observed in the concentration of a reactant or a product per unit time is known as the rate of the particular reaction. The differential rate law provides the rate of a reaction at specific reaction concentrations. The minimum amount of energy that is required for a chemical reaction to take place is known as activation energy.
To determine: The premise underlying the collision model and the effect on the rate by the given terms; the potential energy versus reaction progress plot for an endothermic as well as an exothermic reaction and the effect on the rate of the forward reaction if the reaction is exothermic and if the reaction is endothermic.
(d)
Interpretation: The premise underlying the collision model and the effect on the rate by the given terms is to be stated. The potential energy versus reaction progress plot for an endothermic as well as an exothermic reaction is to be stated. The effect on the rate of the forward reaction if the reaction is exothermic and if the reaction is endothermic is to be stated.
Concept introduction: The change observed in the concentration of a reactant or a product per unit time is known as the rate of the particular reaction. The differential rate law provides the rate of a reaction at specific reaction concentrations. The minimum amount of energy that is required for a chemical reaction to take place is known as activation energy.
To determine: The premise underlying the collision model and the effect on the rate by the given terms; the potential energy versus reaction progress plot for an endothermic as well as an exothermic reaction and the effect on the rate of the forward reaction if the reaction is exothermic and if the reaction is endothermic.
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Chapter 12 Solutions
Student Solutions Manual for Zumdahl/Zumdahl/DeCoste?s Chemistry, 10th Edition
- How do chemists envision reactions taking place in terms of the collision model for reactions? Give an example of a simple reaction and how you might envision the reaction’s taking place by means of a collision between the molecules.arrow_forward. Account for the increase in reaction rate brought about by a catalyst.arrow_forwardHow does an increase in temperature affect rate of reaction? Explain this effect in terms of the collision theory of the reaction rate.arrow_forward
- use the kineticmolecular theory to explain why an increase in temperature increases reaction rate.arrow_forwardA reaction is started by mixing reactants. As time passes, the rate decreases. Explain this behavior that is characteristic of most reactions.arrow_forwardApply collision theory to explain why powdered zinc reacts to form hydrogen gas faster than large pieces of zinc when both are placed in hydrochloric acid solution.arrow_forward
- Apply collision theory to explain why increasing the concentration of a reactant usually increases the reaction rate.arrow_forwardSubstances that poison a catalyst pose a major concern for many engineering designs, including those for catalytic converters. One design option is to add materials that react with potential poisons before they reach the catalyst. Among the commonly encountered catalyst poisons are silicon and phosphorus, which typically form phosphate or silicate ions in the oxidizing environment of an engine. Group 2 elements are added to the catalyst to react with these contaminants before they reach the working portion of the catalytic converter. If estimates show that a catalytic converter will be exposed to 625 g of silicon during its lifetime, what mass of beryllium would need to be included in the design?arrow_forwardFor the following reaction profile, indicate a. the positions of reactants and products. b. the activation energy. c. E for the reaction.arrow_forward
- Which reaction mechanism assumptions are unimportant in describing simple ionic reactions between cations and anions? Why?arrow_forwardBy which of the following mechanisms does a catalyst operate? a. It decreases the activation energy barrier for a reaction. b. It serves as a reactant and is consumed. c. It increases the temperature of a reaction. d. It increases the concentration of reactants.arrow_forwardOne of the concerns about the use of Freons is that they will migrate to the upper atmosphere, where chlorine atoms can be generated by the following reaction: CCl2F2(g)Freon-12hvCF2Cl(g)+Cl(g) Chlorine atoms can act as a catalyst for the destruction of ozone. The activation energy for the reaction Cl(g) + O3(g) ClO(g) + O2(g) Is 2.1 kJ/mol. Which is the more effective catalyst for the destruction of ozone, Cl or NO? (See Exercise 75.)arrow_forward
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