Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781337670418
Author: Kotz
Publisher: Cengage
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Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 8PS
The mineral fluorite, which is composed of calcium ions and fluoride ions, has the unit cell shown here.
- (a) What type of unit cell is described by the Ca2+ ions?
- (b) Where are the F− ions located, in octahedral holes or tetrahedral holes?
- (c) Based on this unit cell, what is the formula of fluorite?
Unit cell of fluorite
Expert Solution & Answer
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Students have asked these similar questions
(11pts total) Consider the arrows pointing at three different carbon-carbon bonds in the
molecule depicted below.
Bond B
Bond A
Bond C
a. (2pts) Which bond between A-C is weakest? Which is strongest? Place answers in
appropriate boxes.
Weakest
Bond
Strongest
Bond
b. (4pts) Consider the relative stability of all cleavage products that form when bonds A,
B, AND C are homolytically cleaved/broken. Hint: cleavage products of bonds A, B,
and C are all carbon radicals.
i. Which ONE cleavage product is the most stable? A condensed or bond line
representation is fine.
ii. Which ONE cleavage product is the least stable? A condensed or bond line
representation is fine.
c. (5pts) Use principles discussed in lecture, supported by relevant structures, to
succinctly explain the why your part b (i) radical is more stable than your part b(ii)
radical. Written explanation can be no more than one-two succinct sentence(s)!
.
3°C
with
TH
12. (10pts total) Provide the major product for each reaction depicted below. If no reaction
occurs write NR. Assume heat dissipation is carefully controlled in the fluorine reaction.
3H
24 total (30)
24
21
2h
• 6H total
● 8H total
34
래
Br2
hv
major product
will be most
Substituted
12
hv
Br
NR
I too weak of a
participate in P-1
F₂
hv
Statistically
most favored
product will be
major
=
most subst =
thermo favored
hydrogen atom abstractor to
LL
F
Five chemistry project topic that does not involve practical
Chapter 12 Solutions
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Ch. 12.1 - (a) Determining an Atom Radius from Lattice...Ch. 12.2 - If an ionic solid has an fcc lattice of anions (X)...Ch. 12.2 - Potassium chloride has the same unit cell as NaCl....Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 1.1ACPCh. 12.6 - Describe the unit cell of lithium (see Figure).Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 1.3ACPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 1.4ACPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 2.1ACPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 2.2ACPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 2.3ACP
Ch. 12.6 - How many tin atoms are contained in the tetragonal...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 3.2ACPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 3.3ACPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 3.4ACPCh. 12 - Outline a two-dimensional unit cell for the...Ch. 12 - Outline a two-dimensional unit cell for the...Ch. 12 - A portion of the crystalline lattice for potassium...Ch. 12 - The unit cell of silicon carbide, SiC, is...Ch. 12 - Prob. 5PSCh. 12 - Rutile, TiO2, crystallizes in a structure...Ch. 12 - Cuprite is a semiconductor. Oxide ions are at the...Ch. 12 - The mineral fluorite, which is composed of calcium...Ch. 12 - Calcium metal crystallizes in a face-centered...Ch. 12 - The density of copper metal is 8.95 g/cm3. If the...Ch. 12 - Potassium iodide has a face-centered cubic unit...Ch. 12 - A unit cell of cesium chloride is illustrated in...Ch. 12 - Predict the trend in lattice energy, from least...Ch. 12 - Prob. 14PSCh. 12 - To melt an ionic solid, energy must be supplied to...Ch. 12 - Which compound in each of the following pairs...Ch. 12 - Prob. 17PSCh. 12 - Prob. 18PSCh. 12 - Considering only the molecular orbitals formed by...Ch. 12 - Prob. 20PSCh. 12 - Prob. 21PSCh. 12 - Prob. 22PSCh. 12 - Prob. 23PSCh. 12 - Prob. 24PSCh. 12 - Prob. 25PSCh. 12 - Prob. 26PSCh. 12 - Prob. 27PSCh. 12 - Prob. 28PSCh. 12 - A diamond unit cell is shown here. Unit cell of...Ch. 12 - The structure of graphite is given in Figure...Ch. 12 - We have identified six types of solids (metallic,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 32PSCh. 12 - Classify each of the following materials as...Ch. 12 - Prob. 34PSCh. 12 - Benzene, C6H6, is an organic liquid that freezes...Ch. 12 - The specific heat capacity of silver is 0.235 J/g ...Ch. 12 - Prob. 37PSCh. 12 - Prob. 38PSCh. 12 - Prob. 39PSCh. 12 - If your air conditioner is more than several years...Ch. 12 - Sketch a phase diagram for O2 from the following...Ch. 12 - Tungsten crystallizes in the unit cell shown here....Ch. 12 - Silver crystallizes in a face-centered cubic unit...Ch. 12 - The unit cell shown here is for calcium carbide....Ch. 12 - The very dense metal iridium has a face-centered...Ch. 12 - Vanadium metal has a density of 6.11 g/cm3....Ch. 12 - Prob. 47GQCh. 12 - Prob. 48GQCh. 12 - Prob. 49GQCh. 12 - Consider the three types of cubic units cells. (a)...Ch. 12 - The solid-state structure of silicon is shown...Ch. 12 - The solid-state structure of silicon carbide is...Ch. 12 - Spinels are solids with the general formula AB2O4...Ch. 12 - Using the thermochemical data below and an...Ch. 12 - Prob. 55GQCh. 12 - Prob. 56GQCh. 12 - Prob. 57GQCh. 12 - Prob. 58GQCh. 12 - Prob. 59GQCh. 12 - Prob. 60GQCh. 12 - Like ZnS, lead(II) sulfide, PbS (commonly called...Ch. 12 - CaTiO3, a perovskite, has the structure below. (a)...Ch. 12 - Potassium bromide has the same lattice structure...Ch. 12 - Calculate the lattice energy of CaCl2 using a...Ch. 12 - Why is it not possible for a salt with the formula...Ch. 12 - Prob. 67SCQCh. 12 - Prob. 68SCQCh. 12 - Prob. 69SCQCh. 12 - Phase diagrams for materials that have allotropes...
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- Please correct answer and don't used hand raitingarrow_forwardQ2. Consider the hydrogenation of ethylene C2H4 + H2 = C2H6 The heats of combustion and molar entropies for the three gases at 298 K are given by: C2H4 C2H6 H2 AH comb/kJ mol¹ -1395 -1550 -243 Sº / J K¹ mol-1 220.7 230.4 131.1 The average heat capacity change, ACP, for the reaction over the temperature range 298-1000 K is 10.9 J K¹ mol¹. Using these data, determine: (a) the standard enthalpy change at 800 K (b) the standard entropy change at 800 K (c) the equilibrium constant at 800 K.arrow_forward13. (11pts total) Consider the arrows pointing at three different carbon-carbon bonds in the molecule depicted below. Bond B Bond A Bond C a. (2pts) Which bond between A-C is weakest? Which is strongest? Place answers in appropriate boxes. Weakest Bond Strongest Bond b. (4pts) Consider the relative stability of all cleavage products that form when bonds A, B, AND C are homolytically cleaved/broken. Hint: cleavage products of bonds A, B, and C are all carbon radicals. i. Which ONE cleavage product is the most stable? A condensed or bond line representation is fine. ii. Which ONE cleavage product is the least stable? A condensed or bond line representation is fine. c. (5pts) Use principles discussed in lecture, supported by relevant structures, to succinctly explain the why your part b (i) radical is more stable than your part b(ii) radical. Written explanation can be no more than one-two succinct sentence(s)! Googlearrow_forward
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