From the phase diagram, phase that the substance found at room temperature and 1.0 a t m pressure has to be determined. Concept introduction: Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram. The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

Question

13. (11pts total) Consider the arrows pointing at three different carbon-carbon bonds in the molecule depicted below. Bond B Bond A Bond C a. (2pts) Which bond between A-C is weakest? Which is strongest? Place answers in appropriate boxes. Weakest Bond Strongest Bond b. (4pts) Consider the relative stability of all cleavage products that form when bonds A, B, AND C are homolytically cleaved/broken. Hint: cleavage products of bonds A, B, and C are all carbon radicals. i. Which ONE cleavage product is the most stable? A condensed or bond line representation is fine. ii. Which ONE cleavage product is the least stable? A condensed or bond line representation is fine. c. (5pts) Use principles discussed in lecture, supported by relevant structures, to succinctly explain the why your part b (i) radical is more stable than your part b(ii) radical. Written explanation can be no more than one-two succinct sentence(s)! Google

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 38PS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the phase diagram, phase that the substance found at room temperature and 1.0atm pressure has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the phase diagram, phase that the substance exists has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The temperature at which the liquid phase exists has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

According to the Phase diagram, the vapor pressure of the solid at −1220C has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Denser phase, solid or liquid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

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13. (11pts total) Consider the arrows pointing at three different carbon-carbon bonds in the molecule depicted below. Bond B Bond A Bond C a. (2pts) Which bond between A-C is weakest? Which is strongest? Place answers in appropriate boxes. Weakest Bond Strongest Bond b. (4pts) Consider the relative stability of all cleavage products that form when bonds A, B, AND C are homolytically cleaved/broken. Hint: cleavage products of bonds A, B, and C are all carbon radicals. i. Which ONE cleavage product is the most stable? A condensed or bond line representation is fine. ii. Which ONE cleavage product is the least stable? A condensed or bond line representation is fine. c. (5pts) Use principles discussed in lecture, supported by relevant structures, to succinctly explain the why your part b (i) radical is more stable than your part b(ii) radical. Written explanation can be no more than one-two succinct sentence(s)! Google

Print Last Name, First Name Initial Statifically more chances to abstract one of these 6H 11. (10pts total) Consider the radical chlorination of 1,3-diethylcyclohexane depicted below. 4 4th total • 6H total 래 • 4H total 21 total ZH 2H Statistical H < 3° C-H weakest - product abstraction here bund leads to thermo favored a) (6pts) How many unique mono-chlorinated products can be formed and what are the structures for the thermodynamically and statistically favored products? Product 6 Number of Unique Mono-Chlorinated Products Thermodynamically Favored Product Statistically Favored Product b) (4pts) Draw the arrow pushing mechanism for the FIRST propagation step (p-1) for the formation of the thermodynamically favored product. Only draw the p-1 step. You do not need to include lone pairs of electrons. No enthalpy calculation necessary H H-Cl Waterfox

10. (5pts) Provide the complete arrow pushing mechanism for the chemical transformation → depicted below Use proper curved arrow notation that explicitly illustrates all bonds being broken, and all bonds formed in the transformation. Also, be sure to include all lone pairs and formal charges on all atoms involved in the flow of electrons. CH3O II HA H CH3O-H H ①

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 38PS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the phase diagram, phase that the substance found at room temperature and 1.0atm pressure has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the phase diagram, phase that the substance exists has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The temperature at which the liquid phase exists has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

According to the Phase diagram, the vapor pressure of the solid at −1220C has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Denser phase, solid or liquid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 38PS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the phase diagram, phase that the substance found at room temperature and 1.0atm pressure has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the phase diagram, phase that the substance exists has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The temperature at which the liquid phase exists has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

According to the Phase diagram, the vapor pressure of the solid at −1220C has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Denser phase, solid or liquid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 38PS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the phase diagram, phase that the substance found at room temperature and 1.0atm pressure has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the phase diagram, phase that the substance exists has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The temperature at which the liquid phase exists has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

According to the Phase diagram, the vapor pressure of the solid at −1220C has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Denser phase, solid or liquid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

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Answer 5

Chapter 12, Problem 38PS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the phase diagram, phase that the substance found at room temperature and 1.0atm pressure has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the phase diagram, phase that the substance exists has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The temperature at which the liquid phase exists has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

According to the Phase diagram, the vapor pressure of the solid at −1220C has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Denser phase, solid or liquid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

Answer 6

Chapter 12, Problem 38PS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the phase diagram, phase that the substance found at room temperature and 1.0atm pressure has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

Answer 7

Chapter 12, Problem 38PS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the phase diagram, phase that the substance found at room temperature and 1.0atm pressure has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the phase diagram, phase that the substance exists has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the phase diagram, phase that the substance exists has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The temperature at which the liquid phase exists has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The temperature at which the liquid phase exists has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

According to the Phase diagram, the vapor pressure of the solid at −1220C has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

According to the Phase diagram, the vapor pressure of the solid at −1220C has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

Answer 14

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Denser phase, solid or liquid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

Answer 15

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Denser phase, solid or liquid has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Under certain specific conditions, two states can coexist in equilibrium; can be represented in phase diagram.

The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium.

Answer 16

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Ch. 12.1 - (a) Determining an Atom Radius from Lattice...Ch. 12.2 - If an ionic solid has an fcc lattice of anions (X)...Ch. 12.2 - Potassium chloride has the same unit cell as NaCl....Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 1.1ACP Ch. 12.6 - Describe the unit cell of lithium (see Figure).Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 1.3ACP Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 1.4ACP Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 2.1ACP Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 2.2ACP Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 2.3ACP

Chapter 12 Solutions