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(a)
Interpretation:
The relationship between Q and K at 1, 3 and 4 point in the graph needs to be determined.
Concept introduction:
A system is said to be in equilibrium, if there is no change in the concentration and pressure of the system takes place with time.
The reaction is in forward direction if the value of equilibrium constant is greater than the reaction quotient Q.It is in equilibrium if K is equal to Q and in reverse direction if K is less than Q.
(b)
Interpretation:
The disturbance at point 2 needs to be explained.
Concept introduction:
A system is said to be in equilibrium, if there is no change in the concentration and pressure of the system takes place with time.
The reaction is in forward direction if the value of equilibrium constant is greater than the reaction quotient Q. It is in equilibrium if K is equal to Q and in reverse direction if K is less than Q.
(c)
Interpretation:
A graph needs to be drawn if partial pressure of A is increased.
Concept introduction:
A system is said to be in equilibrium, if there is no change in the concentration and pressure of the system takes place with time.
The reaction is in forward direction if the value of equilibrium constant is greater than the reaction quotient Q. It is in equilibrium if K is equal to Q and in reverse direction if K is less than Q.
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Chapter 12 Solutions
Student Solutions Manual For Masterton/hurley's Chemistry: Principles And Reactions, 8th
- 3) Propagation of uncertainty. Every measurement has uncertainty. In this problem, we'll evaluate the uncertainty in every step of a titration of potassium hydrogen phthalate (a common acid used in titrations, abbreviated KHP, formula CsH5KO4) with NaOH of an unknown concentration. The calculation that ultimately needs to be carried out is: concentration NaOH 1000 x mass KHP × purity KHP molar mass KHP x volume NaOH Measurements: a) You use a balance to weigh 0.3992 g of KHP. The uncertainty is ±0.15 mg (0.00015 g). b) You use a buret to slowly add NaOH to the KHP until it reaches the endpoint. It takes 18.73 mL of NaOH. The uncertainty of the burst is 0.03 mL.. c) The manufacturer states the purity of KHP is 100%±0.05%. d) Even though we don't think much about them, molar masses have uncertainty as well. The uncertainty comes from the distribution of isotopes, rather than random measurement error. The uncertainty in the elements composing KHP are: a. Carbon: b. Hydrogen: ±0.0008…arrow_forwardDon't used hand raiting and don't used Ai solutionarrow_forwardHow would you use infrared spectroscopy to distinguish between the following pairs of constitutional isomers? (a) CH3C=CCH3 || and CH3CH2C=CH (b) CH3CCH=CHCH3 and CH3CCH2CH=CH2 Problem 12-41 The mass spectrum (a) and the infrared spectrum (b) of an unknown hydrocarbon are shown. Propose as many structures as you can. (a) 100 Relative abundance (%) 80 60 60 40 200 20 (b) 100 Transmittance (%) 10 20 20 80- 60- 40- 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 m/z 500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 Wavenumber (cm-1) 1000arrow_forward
- Propagation of uncertainty. You have a stock solution certified by the manufacturer to contain 150.0±0.03 µg SO42-/mL. You would like to dilute it by a factor of 100 to obtain 1.500 µg/mL. Calculate the uncertainty in the two methods of dilution below. Use the following uncertainty values for glassware: Glassware Uncertainty (assume glassware has been calibrated and treat the values below as random error) 1.00 mL volumetric pipet 0.01 mL 10.00 mL volumetric pipet 0.02 mL 100.00 mL volumetric flask 0.08 mL Transfer 10.00 mL with a volumetric pipet and dilute it to 100 mL with a volumetric flask. Then take 10.00 mL of the resulting solution and dilute it a second time with a 100 mL flask. 2. Transfer 1.00 mL with a volumetric pipet and dilute it to 100 mL with a volumetric flask.arrow_forwardDraw all resonance structures for the following ion: CH₂ Draw all resonance structures on the canvas by choosing buttons from the Tools (for bonds), Atoms, and Advanced Template toolbars, including charges where needed. The single bond is active by default. 2D ד CONT HD EXP CON ? 1 [1] Α 12 Marvin JS by Chemaxon A DOO H C N Br I UZ OSPFarrow_forwardWhat is the average mass of the 10 pennies? Report your value with correct significant figures. What is the error (uncertainty) associated with each mass measurement due to the equipment? What is the uncertainty associated with the average value? Note that the uncertainty of the balance will propagate throughout the calculation. What is the standard deviation of the 10 mass measurements? Explain the difference between the propagated uncertainty and the standard deviation. Which number would you use to describe the uncertainty in the measurement? Calculate the total mass of the pennies with associated uncertainty. Calculate the average density of a penny based on these data. Propagate the uncertainty values for both mass and volume in your calculations.arrow_forward
- Can you help me and explain the answers please.arrow_forwardB 1 of 2 Additional problems in preparation to Midterm #1: 1.) How can the following compounds be prepared using Diels-Alder reaction: CH3 O CN (a) (b) CN CH3 2.) What is the missing reagent in the shown reaction? H3C + ? H3C H3C CN H3C ''CN (၁) H 3.) Write the products 1,2-addition and 1,4-addition of DBr to 1,3-cyclohexadiene. Remember, D is deuterium, a heavy isotope of hydrogen. It reacts exactly like hydrogen. 4.) In the shown reaction, which will be the kinetic product and which will be the thermodynamic product? H3C CI H3C HCI H3C + 5.) Which of the following molecules is aromatic? (a) (b) (c) H 6.) Which of the following molecules is aromatic? (a) (b) (c) 7.) Write the mechanism for the shown reaction. + Ха AICI 3 CI 8.) Suggest reagents that would convert benzene into the shown compounds. CI NO2 -8-6-6-8-a (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (a) SO3H Brarrow_forwardThe number of 2sp^2 hybridized atoms in is: A. 8; B. 6; C.4; D.2; E.0;arrow_forward
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