Chapter 12, Problem 46CR

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure of molecules or ions, spatial orientation of electron pairs and the simple geometric structure indicating the approximate bond angles of that molecules or ions should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis structure represents the valence electron arrangement around the atoms of the molecule. Lewis structure can be drawn for ionic or covalent bonds.

When predicting the geometric structure, VSPER theory is used. The three-dimensional structure of atoms in.

Answer to Problem 46CR

Explanation of Solution

For H₂ O

Part A Step 1 →

$\begin{array}{l}\text{O}-6\hfill \\ \text{H}-1\text{x}2\hfill \end{array}$

Sum(total atoms) $=8$

Step 2 →

Pair of electrons = $8/2=4$

Electron pairs for bonds = $2$

Step 3 → Remaining electron pairs = 2

Part B Step 1 → Lewis structure

Step 2 → 4 electron pairs around $\text{O}$ atom. So that electron pairs geometry around the $\text{O}$ atom is tetrahedral.

Step 3 → But around the $\text{O}$ atom,

No: of bonding pairs = $2$

No: of non- bonding pairs = $2$

Step 4 → Name of the structure = V-shaped or Bend.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure of molecules or ions, spatial orientation of electron pairs and the simple geometric structure indicating the approximate bond angles of that molecules or ions should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis structure represents the valence electron arrangement around the atoms of the molecule. Lewis structure can be drawn for ionic or covalent bonds.

When predicting the geometric structure, VSPER theory is used. The three-dimensional structure of atoms in.

Answer to Problem 46CR

Explanation of Solution

For PH₃ Part A Step 1 → $\text{P}-5$

$\text{H}-1\text{x}3$

Sum $=8$

Step 2 → Pair of electrons = $8/2=4$

Electron pairs for bonds = $3$

Step 3 → Remain electron pairs = $1$

Part B Step 1 → Lewis structure

Step 2 → $4$ electron pairs around $\text{P}$ atom. So that electron pairs geometry around the $\text{P}$ atom is tetrahedral.

Step 3 → But around the $\text{P}$ atom, No: of bonding pairs = $3$

No: of non- bonding pairs = 1

Step 4 → Name of the structure = Trigonal pyramid.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure of molecules or ions, spatial orientation of electron pairs and the simple geometric structure indicating the approximate bond angles of that molecules or ions should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis structure represents the valence electron arrangement around the atoms of the molecule. Lewis structure can be drawn for ionic or covalent bonds.

When predicting the geometric structure, VSPER theory is used. The three-dimensional structure of atoms in.

Answer to Problem 46CR

$\text{C}\text{B}{\text{r}}_4$

Explanation of Solution

CBr₄ Part A. Step 1 → $\text{C}-4$

$\text{B}\text{r}-7\text{x}4$

Sum = 32

Step 2 → Pair of electrons = $32/2=16$

Electron pairs for bonds = $4$

Step 3 → Remain electron pairs = $12\left(3\times 4\right)$

Part B Step 1 → Lewis structure

Step 2 → $4$ electron pairs around $\text{C}$ atom. So that electron pairs geometry around the $\text{C}$ atom is tetrahedral.

Step 3 → But around the $\text{C}$ atom, No: of bonding pairs = $4$

No: of non- bonding pairs = $0$

Step 4 → Name of the structure = Tetrahedral.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure of molecules or ions, spatial orientation of electron pairs and the simple geometric structure indicating the approximate bond angles of that molecules or ions should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis structure represents the valence electron arrangement around the atoms of the molecule. Lewis structure can be drawn for ionic or covalent bonds.

When predicting the geometric structure, VSPER theory is used. The three-dimensional structure of atoms in.

Answer to Problem 46CR

$\text{C}\text{l}{\text{O}}^{4-}$.

Explanation of Solution

For ClO⁴ -

Part A. Step 1 → $\text{C}\text{l}-7$

$\text{O}-6\text{x}4$

$\left(-1\right)$ charge ( one more electron

Sum = $31+1=32$

Step 2 → Pair of electrons = $32/2=16$

Electron pairs for bonds = $4$

Step 3 → Remain electron pairs = $12\left(3\times 4\right)$

Part B Step 1 → Lewis structure

Step 2 → $4$ electron pairs around $\text{C}\text{l}$ atom. So that electron pairs geometry around the $\text{C}\text{l}$ atom is tetrahedral.

Step 3 → But around the $\text{C}\text{l}$ atom, No: of bonding pairs = $4$

No: of non- bonding pairs = $0$

Step 4 → Name of the structure = Tetrahedral

But considering resonance, the exact position of three p bonds cannot be determined exactly. It provides a p cloud over the molecule. So that a resonance hybrid determines the exact structure of ClO⁴ - molecule.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure of molecules or ions, spatial orientation of electron pairs and the simple geometric structure indicating the approximate bond angles of that molecules or ions should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis structure represents the valence electron arrangement around the atoms of the molecule. Lewis structure can be drawn for ionic or covalent bonds.

When predicting the geometric structure, VSPER theory is used. The three-dimensional structure of atoms in.

Answer to Problem 46CR

$\text{B}{\text{F}}_3$

Explanation of Solution

BF₃

Part A. Step 1 → $\text{B}-3$

$\text{F}-7\text{x}3$

Sum = $24$

Step 2 → Pair of electrons = $24/2=12$

Electron pairs for bonds = $3$

Step 3 → Remain electron pairs = $9\left(3\times 3\right)$

Part B Step 1 → Lewis structure

Step 2 → $3$ electron pairs around $\text{B}$ atom. So that electron pairs geometry around the $\text{B}$ atom is Trigonal planar.

Step 3 → Also around the $\text{B}$ atom,

No: of bonding pairs = $3$

No: of non- bonding pairs = $0$

Step 4 → Name of the structure = Trigonal planar.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The Lewis structure of molecules or ions, spatial orientation of electron pairs and the simple geometric structure indicating the approximate bond angles of that molecules or ions should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis structure represents the valence electron arrangement around the atoms of the molecule. Lewis structure can be drawn for ionic or covalent bonds.

When predicting the geometric structure, VSPER theory is used. The three-dimensional structure of atoms in.

Answer to Problem 46CR

$\text{B}\text{e}{\text{F}}_2$.

Explanation of Solution

BeF₂

Part A. Step 1 → $\text{B}\text{e}-2$

$\text{F}-7\times 2$

Sum = $16$

Step 2 → Pair of electrons = $16/2=8$

Electron pairs for bonds = $2$

Step 3 → Remain electron pairs = $6\left(3\times 2\right)$

Part B Step 1 → Lewis structure

Step 2 → $2$ electron pairs around $\text{B}\text{e}$ atom. So that electron pairs geometry around the $\text{B}\text{e}$ atom is Linear.

Step 3 → Also around the $\text{B}\text{e}$ atom, No: of bonding pairs = $3$

No: of non- bonding pairs = $0$

Step 4 → Name of the structure = Linear

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