Explanation Formula used: Standard deviation formula: s = ∑ ( x − x ¯ ) 2 n − 1 where, x is the given data values, x ¯ is mean and n is number of pieces of data. Calculation: From the given table, the number of presidents is 43. Arrange the given data in increasing order as follows. 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 8, 10, 14. Mean is calculated as follows. x ¯ = { 0 + 5 + 6 + 0 + 2 + 4 + 0 + 4 + 5 + 4 + 8 + 7 + 3 + 5 + 3 + 2 + 6 + 3 + 3 + 0 + 2 + 2 + 10 + 14 + 0 + 6 + 2 + 3 + 0 + 4 + 6 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 2 + 2 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 6 + 1 + 2 + 2 } 43 = 152 43 ≈ 3.53 Thus, the mean is 3.5. To find the standard deviation, compute the values of x − x ¯ and ( x − x ¯ ) 2 as shown below in Table 1. x x − x ¯ ( x − x ¯ ) 2 0 0 − 3.5 = − 3.5 ( − 3.5 ) 2 = 12.25 0 0 − 3.5 = − 3.5 ( − 3.5 ) 2 = 12.25 0 0 − 3.5 = − 3.5 ( − 3.5 ) 2 = 12.25 0 0 − 3.5 = − 3.5 ( − 3.5 ) 2 = 12.25 0 0 − 3.5 = − 3.5 ( − 3.5 ) 2 = 12.25 0 0 − 3.5 = − 3.5 ( − 3.5 ) 2 = 12.25 1 1 − 3.5 = − 2.5 ( − 2.5 ) 2 = 6.25 1 1 − 3.5 = − 2.5 ( − 2.5 ) 2 = 6.25 2 2 − 3.5 = − 1.5 ( − 1.5 ) 2 = 2.25 2 2 − 3.5 = − 1.5 ( − 1.5 ) 2 = 2.25 2 2 − 3.5 = − 1.5 ( − 1.5 ) 2 = 2.25 2 2 − 3.5 = − 1.5 ( − 1.5 ) 2 = 2.25 2 2 − 3.5 = − 1.5 ( − 1.5 ) 2 = 2.25 2 2 − 3.5 = − 1.5 ( − 1.5 ) 2 = 2.25 2 2 − 3.5 = − 1.5 ( − 1.5 ) 2 = 2.25 2 2 − 3.5 = − 1.5 ( − 1.5 ) 2 = 2.25 2 2 − 3.5 = − 1.5 ( − 1.5 ) 2 = 2.25 2 2 − 3.5 = − 1.5 ( − 1.5 ) 2 = 2.25 3 3 − 3.5 = − 0.5 ( − 0

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Chapter 12, Problem 44RE

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The standard deviation for the number of children in U.S president families.

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The standard deviation for the number of children in U.S president families.

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