Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134093413
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 1.2, Problem 2CC
Referring to Figure 1.20, provide a possible explanation for how, over a very long time, the green warbler finch came to have a slender beak.
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You are a researcher studying birds in an Indonesian rainforest. You have just discovered two new species whose beaks are markedly different, which you have named Laetiphonia orthorhynchus and Laetiphonia rhamphis. In particular, the beaks of L. orthorhynchus are very long, straight and pointed, whereas L. rhamphis have beaks that are quite short, wide and curved downwards. In further studies, you find that the same gene codes for beak shape in both species.
In your own words, explain at least two ways that changes in gene expression could result in the differences you observe between these two species. Make sure to be specific in how your explanation applies to the bird species in this example.
What contributed to the natural selection of the finches' beaks?
The phylogeny in this figure shows the evolution of visual opsins in tetrapods. Each colored triangle represents a different opsin. Which of the following accurately describes the opsins in these species?
Squamate reptiles Birds
Rodents
New World Baboons
primates
Click to view larger image.
- Opain loss
x Opain loss
▲▲▲▲
Tetrapod ancestor
▲▲▲
Humane
+A Opin gain
a. The green opsin is a synapomorphy in rodents and New World primates, and the light blue opsin is a symplesiomorphy in baboons and humans.
b. The light blue opsin is a synapomorphy in squamate reptiles and birds, and the green opsin is an ancestral trait.
OC. The purple opsin is an analogous trait, and the green opsin is a homologous trait.
Od. The green opsin is a synapomorphy in baboons and humans, and the light blue opsin is symplesiomorphy in squamate reptiles and birds.
Chapter 1 Solutions
Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
Ch. 1.1 - Starting with the molecular level in Figure 1.3,...Ch. 1.1 - Identify the theme or themes exemplified by (a)...Ch. 1.1 - WHAT IF? For each theme discussed in this...Ch. 1.2 - Explain why "editing" is a metaphor for how...Ch. 1.2 - Referring to Figure 1.20, provide a possible...Ch. 1.2 - DRAW IT The three domains you learned about in...Ch. 1.3 - What qualitative Observation led to the...Ch. 1.3 - Contrast inductive reasoning with deductive...Ch. 1.3 - Why is natural selection called a theory?Ch. 1.3 - WHAT IF? In the deserts of New Mexico, the soils...
Ch. 1.4 - How does science differ from technology?Ch. 1.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS The gene that causes sickle-cell...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.1CRCh. 1 - How could natural selection have led to the...Ch. 1 - What are the roles of gathering and interpreting...Ch. 1 - Explain why different approaches and diverse...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 1 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 1 - Which of the following best demonstrates the unity...Ch. 1 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 1 - Which of the following statements best...Ch. 1 - Which of the following is an example of...Ch. 1 - Which sentence best describes the logic of...Ch. 1 - DRAW IT With rough sketches, draw a biological...Ch. 1 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION A typical prokaryotic cell...Ch. 1 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Based an the results of the...Ch. 1 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Scientists search the...Ch. 1 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: EVOLUTION In a Short essay...Ch. 1 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Can you pick out the...
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- These finches all evolved from a common ancestor. They adapted characteristics which made them each a different species. 1. What is the term for a new species evolving. 2. Analyze the different beak shapes and sizes in this image, then explain why you think the birds beaks are shaped the way that they are shaped. 1. Geospiza magnirostris. 3. Geuspiza parvula. 2. Geospiza fortis. 4. Certhiidea olivasea.arrow_forwardIf an altered structure, such as the long neck of the giraffe, is advantageous, why don’t all species have that structure?arrow_forwardDescribe the impact of ecological niches on the evolution of Galápagos finch beaksarrow_forward
- Flight in birds developed over time due to multiple evolutionary steps. The development of feathers, hollow bones, large flight muscles, and efficient gas exchange was vital for flight. Describe the order in which these adaptations likely evolved and explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardWhat type of geographic barriers could have led to the speciation of finch in the Galápagos Islands?arrow_forwarddescribe arguments for and against classifying feathers as an adaptation to flying in birds.arrow_forward
- Flight in birds developed over time as a result of multiple evolutionary steps. The development of feathers, hollow bones, large flight muscles, and efficient gas exchange were all vital for flight. Describe the order in which these adaptations likely evolved and explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardDetermine if the following pairs are HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES or ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES 1.) Bat wing and bird wing 2.) Dragonfly wing and hummingbrind wing 3.) Dragonfly wing and bumbleebee wingarrow_forwardSuppose that plants in the San Francisco Bay area and in southern Chile share a common seed dispersal method. Scientists determine that the evolutionary divergence of these plants happened long before this seed dispersal method arose in each plant. What term relates the seed dispersal method of the San Francisco Bay plant to the seed dispersal method of the southern Chile plant? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
- The special adaptations of birds contribute to two essentials for flight: more power and less weight. Explain how each of the following contributes to one or both of these two essentials: feathers, skeleton, muscle distribution, digestive system, circulatory system, respiratory system, excretory system, reproductive system.arrow_forwardWhat is a plausible scenario for evolution of wings and flying insects?arrow_forwardRemote islands that are far from any mainland are home to many species that have evolved distinctive adaptations to live in the unique island conditions. (e) Some birds evolve adaptations that include losing the ability to fly. Explain how a species of bird on a remote island could lose the ability to fly over time.arrow_forward
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