UNDERSTANDING THE UNIVERSE(LL)-W/CODE
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780393869903
Author: PALEN
Publisher: NORTON
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Chapter 12, Problem 25QAP
To determine
The changes in property of a star if it suddenly starts burning hydrogen at a faster rate in its core.
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Using solar units, we find that a star has 4 times the luminosity of the Sun, a mass 1.25 times the mass of the Sun, and a surface temperature of 4090 K (take the Sun's surface temperature to be 5784 K for the sake of this problem). This means the star has a radius of.................... solar radii and is a .................... star (use the classification).
A red giant star might have radius = 104 times the solar radius,
and luminosity = 1730 times solar luminosity.
Use the data given below to calculate the temperature
at the surface of the red giant star.
Data:
solar radius R = 7 x 108 meters
solar luminosity L = 4 x 1026 watts
Stefan-Boltzmann constant
a = 5.67 x 10-8 W m² K-4
(in K)
A: 1226 OB: 1434 OC: 1678 OD: 1963 OE: 2297 OF: 2688 OG: 3145 OH: 3679
The mass-luminosity relation describes the mathematical relationship between luminosity and mass for main sequence stars. It describes how a star with a mass of 4 M⊙ would have a luminosity of ______ L⊙.
If a star has a radius 1/2 that of the Sun and a temperature 4 that of the Sun, how many times higher is the star's luminosity than that of the Sun? (If it is smaller by a factor of 8, you would write 0.125 because 1/8=0.125)
If a star has a radius 2 times larger than the Sun's and a luminosity 1/4th that of the Sun, how many times higher is the star's temperature than that of the Sun? (If it is smaller by a factor of 8, you would write 0.125 because 1/8=0.125)
If a star has a surface temperature 2 times lower than the Sun's and a luminosity the same as the Sun, how many times larger is the star than the Sun? (If it is smaller by a factor of 8, you would write 0.125 because 1/8=0.125)
Chapter 12 Solutions
UNDERSTANDING THE UNIVERSE(LL)-W/CODE
Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 12.1CYUCh. 12.2 - Prob. 12.2CYUCh. 12.3 - Prob. 12.3CYUCh. 12.4 - Prob. 12.4CYUCh. 12.5 - Prob. 12.5CYUCh. 12.6 - Prob. 12.6CYUCh. 12 - Prob. 1QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 2QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 3QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 4QAP
Ch. 12 - Prob. 5QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 6QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 7QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 8QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 9QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 10QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 11QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 12QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 13QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 14QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 15QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 16QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 17QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 18QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 19QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 20QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 21QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 22QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 23QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 24QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 25QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 26QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 27QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 28QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 29QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 30QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 32QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 33QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 34QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 35QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 36QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 37QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 38QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 39QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 40QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 42QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 43QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 44QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 45QAP
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- Describe the evolution of a star with a mass similar to that of the Sun, from the protostar stage to the time it first becomes a red giant. Give the description in words and then sketch the evolution on an HR diagram.arrow_forwardIf a 3 and 8 MSunstar formed together in a binary system, which star would: A. Evolve off the main sequence first? B. Form a carbon- and oxygen-rich white dwarf? C. Be the location for a nova explosion?arrow_forwardObservations show that stellar luminosity, L, and mass, M, are related by L x M3.5 for main sequence stars. Obtain an expression that relates the main sequence life time and the mass of a star. You should assume that the luminosity is constant throughout a star's main sequence life time, and that the amount of mass converted into energy by a star while it is on the main sequence is given by AM main sequence life time of a 20 Solar mass star given that the Sun is expected to spend 1010 years on the main sequence. Comment on the significance of your answer. fM, where f is a constant. Estimate thearrow_forward
- For a main sequence star with luminosity L, how many kilograms of hydrogen is being converted into helium per second? Use the formula that you derive to estimate the mass of hydrogen atoms that are converted into helium in the interior of the sun (LSun = 3.9 x 1026 W). (Note: the mass of a hydrogen atom is 1 mproton and the mass of a helium atom is 3.97 mproton. You need four hydrogen nuclei to form one helium nucleus.)arrow_forwardZebulon is a binary star system composed of a 10 M sun main sequence star and a 1 M sun red giant. Is this strange? yes or no. explain the reasoning.arrow_forwardQUESTION 16 Use the figure shown below to complete the following statement: A low-mass protostar (0.5 to 8M the mass compared to our sun) remains roughly constant in decreases in until it makes a turn towards the main sequence, as it follows its evolutionary track. Protostars of different masses follow diferent paths on their way to the main sequence. 107 Luminosity (L) 10 105 10 107 10² 101 1 10-1 10-2 10-3 Spectral type 0.01 R 0.001 Re 60 M MAIN SEQUENCE 40,000 30,000 20 Mau 10 Mgun 5 Mun 0.1 Run Ren radius; temperature luminosity; radius 3 Min. 05 BO temperature; luminosity Oluminosity: temperature radius: luminosity 1 M 10,000 6000 Surlace temperature (K) 1,000 Rs 2 M STAR L 0.8 M B5 AO FOGO КБ МБ -10 +10 3000 Absolute visual magnitude andarrow_forward
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