The mechanism of the given reaction is to be written. Concept introduction: The reaction of Grignard reagents with esters yields secondary and tertiary alcohols as their products. These reactions are two-step reactions. In the first step, nucleophilic addition of carbonyl group takes place because Grignard reagent being nucleophilic uses its lone pair of electrons to form a bond with a carbon atom. This results in the formation of an alkoxide ion that remains associated with M g 2 + and X − . In the second step, addition of aqueous HX causes the protonation of the alkoxide ion which leads to the formation of the alcohol and M g X 2 . Carbonyl groups of cyclic esters react with 2 equivalents of Grignard reagents and followed by hydrolysis to produce tertiary alcohols.

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 12, Problem 20P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism of the given reaction is to be written.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of Grignard reagents with esters yields secondary and tertiary alcohols as their products. These reactions are two-step reactions. In the first step, nucleophilic addition of carbonyl group takes place because Grignard reagent being nucleophilic uses its lone pair of electrons to form a bond with a carbon atom. This results in the formation of an alkoxide ion that remains associated with Mg2+ and X−.

In the second step, addition of aqueous HX causes the protonation of the alkoxide ion which leads to the formation of the alcohol and MgX2.

Carbonyl groups of cyclic esters react with 2 equivalents of Grignard reagents and followed by hydrolysis to produce tertiary alcohols.

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Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 12, Problem 20P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism of the given reaction is to be written.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of Grignard reagents with esters yields secondary and tertiary alcohols as their products. These reactions are two-step reactions. In the first step, nucleophilic addition of carbonyl group takes place because Grignard reagent being nucleophilic uses its lone pair of electrons to form a bond with a carbon atom. This results in the formation of an alkoxide ion that remains associated with Mg2+ and X−.

In the second step, addition of aqueous HX causes the protonation of the alkoxide ion which leads to the formation of the alcohol and MgX2.

Carbonyl groups of cyclic esters react with 2 equivalents of Grignard reagents and followed by hydrolysis to produce tertiary alcohols.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 12, Problem 20P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism of the given reaction is to be written.

Concept introduction:

The reaction of Grignard reagents with esters yields secondary and tertiary alcohols as their products. These reactions are two-step reactions. In the first step, nucleophilic addition of carbonyl group takes place because Grignard reagent being nucleophilic uses its lone pair of electrons to form a bond with a carbon atom. This results in the formation of an alkoxide ion that remains associated with Mg2+ and X−.

In the second step, addition of aqueous HX causes the protonation of the alkoxide ion which leads to the formation of the alcohol and MgX2.

Carbonyl groups of cyclic esters react with 2 equivalents of Grignard reagents and followed by hydrolysis to produce tertiary alcohols.

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Answer 4

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 12, Problem 20P

Interpretation Introduction