Describe recession and expansion.
Explanation of Solution
When the economy is reach it peaks, the economic activities reach its heights. Then it begins to fall. In the period of recession, the economic activities go in a slow motion. This is because of the decreased employment, productivity, and money growth. However, the economy will survive the situation through the adoption of
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Chapter 12 Solutions
PRINCIPLES OF MACROECONOMICS(LOOSELEAF)
- Improved methods of inventory control were supposed to reduce fluctuations in inventory stocks. It is clear that these methods have helped reduce the equilibrium inventory/sales ratios in both the manufacturing and trade sectors over the past decade. Yet we find that during the 2001 recession, inventory investment accounted for more than the total decline in real GDP, the first time that had happened since 1949. Explain whether this result is due to a set of odd coincidences, or whether the improved methods of inventory control actually caused bigger fluctuations in inventory investment relative to final sales.arrow_forwardYour Policy Brief team has modelled the effects of an investment in Research & Development (R&D) that leads to the invention of a new production method which makes more efficient use of renewable energy sources. This new production method can be disseminated throughout the economy, bringing down production costs for businesses, and enabling the economy to make more productive use of existing resources. This brings an expansion in the economy’s productive capacity. Illustrate the predicted effects of this innovation using an AD-AS diagram. Provide bullet points to explain what is happening in your diagram. As with all of your diagrams, be sure to indicate the original and new equilibrium points, and what happens to output and price level. To conclude your explanation, explain what the link between innovation and economic prosperity and wellbeing is.arrow_forwardThis case explores the international expansion of Tata Motors. The Indian multinational exports cars and other vehicles worldwide under its Tata Motor Cars, Jaguar Land Rover, Tata Daewoo, and Tata Hispano brand names. Tata Motors wants to double its exports within two years, with a particular emphasis on expanding its exports to the Middle East, Africa, Asia Pacific, and Latin America. Exports are important to Tata Motors both as a means of expanding sales and as a way to offset cyclical sales patterns in India. Tata Motors is recognized as a major player in the production of buses producing a wide range of vehicles in various sizes and levels of luxury. The company currently exports its buses to more than 40 countries. In addition to buses, Tata Motors also produces and exports other vehicles including cars, premium buses, pickups, and small commercial vehicles. Going forward, Tata Motors wants to build its global presence across all vehicle classes. Indeed, Tata Motors developed its…arrow_forward
- This case explores the international expansion of Tata Motors. The Indian multinational exports cars and other vehicles worldwide under its Tata Motor Cars, Jaguar Land Rover, Tata Daewoo, and Tata Hispano brand names. Tata Motors wants to double its exports within two years, with a particular emphasis on expanding its exports to the Middle East, Africa, Asia Pacific, and Latin America. Exports are important to Tata Motors both as a means of expanding sales and as a way to offset cyclical sales patterns in India. Tata Motors is recognized as a major player in the production of buses producing a wide range of vehicles in various sizes and levels of luxury. The company currently exports its buses to more than 40 countries. In addition to buses, Tata Motors also produces and exports other vehicles including cars, premium buses, pickups, and small commercial vehicles. Going forward, Tata Motors wants to build its global presence across all vehicle classes. Indeed, Tata Motors developed its…arrow_forwardMacropoland, a country that is a natural gas and oil importer, has a natural rate of unemployment (at the full employment level of GDP) that is about 4.5%, and the long run average rate of inflation over time has been about 2%. However, during the period 1973-1974, the country experienced an inflation rate of about 15% while simultaneously experiencing unemployment of nearly 13%.At the present time, Macropoland is experiencing very sluggish consumption and investment (a result of a fall in the housing market), and unemployment has again edged up to around 9%. Inflation is very low at 0.4%.Macropoland has just hired you as their economic advisor. You have a big job ahead of you. Using your knowledge of aggregate demand and aggregate supply, can you explain what happened in these two time periods?Develop a response that includes examples and evidence to support your ideas, and which clearly communicates the required message to your audience. Organize your response in a clear and logical…arrow_forwardQ19arrow_forward
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- "The oil price run - up of 2007 - 08 was caused by strong demand confronting stagnating world production. Although the causes were different, the consequences for the economy appear to have been very similar to those observed in earlier episodes, with significant effects om overall consumption spending and purchases of domestic automobiles in particular. The experience of 2007 - 08 should thus be added to this list of recessions to which oil prices appear to have made a material contribution". Oil price shocks have an evident impact on the short run aggregate supply curve. With the help of a graph demonstrate how rising oil prices affect the SRAS and explain what other factors can cause this shift.arrow_forwardWhen a recession begins and ends is determined by the Business Cycle Dating Committee (chaired by our textbook author Robert Hall) within the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). The NBER concluded that the unprecedented magnitude of the decline in employment and production, and its broad reach across the entire economy, warrants the designation of this current pandemic-driven episode in the nation as a recession. True Falsearrow_forwardIf one of the item in a simple aggregate price index is milk, the index will be unchanged if the price of milk is expressed in dollars per quart instead of dollars per gallon. In a Passche index, prices are weighted according to the quantities of the various items in the base period. The Consumer Price Index is a simple aggregate index.One application of the Consumer Price Index is to automatically increase wages or benefits through its inclusion in labor contracts. "Real income" refers to the amount money available after government taxes have been paid. The Producer Price Index measures changes in the physical volume or quantity of output of manufacturing, mining, and electric and gas utilities. TRUE OR FALSEarrow_forward
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