
Concept explainers
A.
To write: An equation to describe the working of transporter that mediates the transport of a solute down its concentration gradient.
Introduction: Transporter enhances the movement of most small, water-soluble, organic molecules and some inorganic ions across the cell membrane. The cell membrane contains transporter that brings nutrient such as sugar, amino acid, as like enzymes bind with substrate molecule.
A.

Explanation of Solution
Transporters are highly selective toward the solute and sometimes they allow single molecules to transport. An analogous equation shown below describes the movement of a solute mediated by a transporter.
In equation (1), T is denoted by transporter, S is denoted by solute, S* is the solute on the opposite side of the membrane where the solute molecule is same but it is located in different atmosphere.
B.
To explain: The function of a transporter from the above given equation (1).
Introduction: Transporter enhances the movement of most small, water-soluble, organic molecules and some inorganic ions across the cell membrane. The cell membrane contains transporter that brings nutrient such as sugar, amino acid, as like enzymes bind with substrate molecule.
B.

Explanation of Solution
Equation (1) is useful as it represents the binding step followed by a delivery step. It is similar to the mathematical treatment explained for enzymes. In this equation, KM value describes the transporters that represents their empathy for the solute and Vmax value that explains the supreme rate of relocation during transport. To deliver the accurate conformational changes during the transport across the membrane, the following equations shall be given:
In the above equations, T* represents the transporter after the respective conformational changes that show its solute binding area on the opposite portion of the membrane. Equation (3) represents that after conformational changes, the transporter returns to its starting conformation. In the cell’s plasma membrane, the transporter acts as the pathways of transportation of molecular elements across cell and also in mitochondrial membrane.
C.
To explain: The equation (1) is an inappropriate description of channel function.
Introduction: Transporter enhances the movement of most small, water-soluble, organic molecules and some inorganic ions across the cell membrane. The cell membrane contains transporter that brings nutrient such as sugar, amino acid, as like enzymes bind with substrate molecule.
C.

Explanation of Solution
In equation (1), the transporter is to guide and propel the complex traffic of solute into and out of the cell through transportation pathway between the cytosol and different membrane-bound organelles. In this equation, neither the channel nor the behavior of channel is described. When solutes are transported through the membrane, it binds with the transporter. However, in the case of transportation through channels, the solutes do not bind with any transporter.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 12 Solutions
Essential Cell Biology (fifth Edition)
- 22. Which of the following mutant proteins is expected to have a dominant negative effect when over- expressed in normal cells? a. mutant PI3-kinase that lacks the SH2 domain but retains the kinase function b. mutant Grb2 protein that cannot bind to RTK c. mutant RTK that lacks the extracellular domain d. mutant PDK that has the PH domain but lost the kinase function e. all of the abovearrow_forwardWhat is the label ?arrow_forwardCan you described the image? Can you explain the question as well their answer and how to get to an answer to an problem like this?arrow_forward
- Describe the principle of homeostasis.arrow_forwardExplain how the hormones of the glands listed below travel around the body to target organs and tissues : Pituitary gland Hypothalamus Thyroid Parathyroid Adrenal Pineal Pancreas(islets of langerhans) Gonads (testes and ovaries) Placentaarrow_forwardWhat are the functions of the hormones produced in the glands listed below: Pituitary gland Hypothalamus Thyroid Parathyroid Adrenal Pineal Pancreas(islets of langerhans) Gonads (testes and ovaries) Placentaarrow_forward
- Describe the hormones produced in the glands listed below: Pituitary gland Hypothalamus Thyroid Parathyroid Adrenal Pineal Pancreas(islets of langerhans) Gonads (testes and ovaries) Placentaarrow_forwardPlease help me calculate drug dosage from the following information: Patient weight: 35 pounds, so 15.9 kilograms (got this by dividing 35 pounds by 2.2 kilograms) Drug dose: 0.05mg/kg Drug concentration: 2mg/mLarrow_forwardA 25-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with a 2-day history of fever, chills, severe headache, and confusion. She recently returned from a trip to sub-Saharan Africa, where she did not take malaria prophylaxis. On examination, she is febrile (39.8°C/103.6°F) and hypotensive. Laboratory studies reveal hemoglobin of 8.0 g/dL, platelet count of 50,000/μL, and evidence of hemoglobinuria. A peripheral blood smear shows ring forms and banana-shaped gametocytes. Which of the following Plasmodium species is most likely responsible for her severe symptoms? A. Plasmodium vivax B. Plasmodium ovale C. Plasmodium malariae D. Plasmodium falciparumarrow_forward
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education





