Biochemistry
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781305577206
Author: Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 12, Problem 13P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
An experimental protocol that allows the identification and isolation of
Concept introduction:
The strands of DNA molecule contain the complementary pairs of bases. One
A hexokinase A is an enzyme that attaches phosphoryl group to a hexose and results in the formation of hexose phosphate. It can transfer an inorganic phosphate group from ATP to a substrate molecule.
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- Answers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Designing Primers for PCR Amplification of a DNA Sequence Given the following short DNA duplex of sequence (53)ATGCCGTAGTCGATCATTACGATAGCATAGCACAGGGATCCA- CATGCACACACATGACATAGGACAGATAGCAT what oligonucleotide primers (17-mers) would be required for PCR amplification of this duplex?arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. An Estimation of Minimal Genome Size for a Living Cell Studies of existing cells to determine the minimum number of genes for a living cell have suggested that 206 genes are sufficient. If the ratio of protein-coding genes to non-protein-coding genes is the same in this minimal organism as the genes of Mycoplasma genitulium, how many proteins are represented in these 206 genes. How many base pairs would be required to form the genome of this minimal organism if the genes are the same size as M genilalium genes? (Section 1.5)arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. CRISPR/Cas9: Design of a gRNA to Target the Human PVALB Gene The human PVALB gene, which encodes the Ca2+-binding protein parvalbumin, can be Targeted by CRISPR/Cas9, at the protospacer sequence - ATGCAGGAGGGTGGCGAGAGGGGCCGAGAT- followed by a -TGG-PAM trinucleotide. Give the sequence of the spacer region of a gRNA that will target the complementary DNA strand at this site. Include at the 3'-end of your gRNA sequence a region that will form a stem-loop structure with a 5'-AGCAUAGCUGUAAAAC- sequence downstream in the gRNA to create the dsRNA-binding site for Cas9.arrow_forward
- Answers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Calculate the Frequency of Occurrence of an RNAi Target Sequence The RNAs acting in RNAi are about 21 nucleotides long. To judge whether it is possible to uniquely target a particular gene with a RNA of this size, consider The following calculation: What is the expected frequency of occurrence of a specific 21-nucleotide sequence?arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. B- and Z-DNA Supercoiling Parameters Suppose one double helical turn of a superhelical DNA molecule changes conformation from B- to Z-form. What are the changes in L, W, and T? Why do you suppose the transition of DNA from B- to Z-form is favored by negative supercoiling?arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Identifying DNA Structural and Functional Elements from Nucleotide Sequence Information Listed below are four DNA sequences. Which one contains a type-II restriction endonuclease (six-cutter) hexanucleotide site?. Which one is likely to form a cruciform structure? Which one is likely to be found in Z-DNA? Which one represents the 5'-end of a tRNA gene? Which one is most likely to be found in a triplex DNA structure? a. CGCGCGCCGCGCACGCGCTCGCGCGCCGC b. GAACGTCGTATTCCCGTACGACGTTC c. CAGGTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTC d. TGGTGCGAATTCTGTGGAT e. ATCGGAATTCATCGarrow_forward
- Answers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. B-and Z-DNA Helical Parameters II If 80% of the base pairs in a duplex DNA molecule (12.5 kbp) are in the B-conformation and 20% are in the Z-conformation, what is the length of the molecule?arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Calculate the Number of Nucleosomes in a Human Diploid Cell Assume that there is one nucleosome for every 200 bp of eukaryotic DNA. How many nucleosomes are there in a diploid human cell? Nucleosomes in be approximated a disks 11 nm in diameter and 6 nm long. If all the DNA molecules in a diploid human cell are in the B-conformation, what is the sum of their lengths? If this DNA is now arrayed on nucleosomes in the beads-on-a-string motif, what would be the approximate total height of the nucleosome column if these disks were stacked atop one another?arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. A Simple Genome and Its Protein-Encoding Capacity The genome of the Mycoplasma genitalium consists of 523 genes, encoding 484 proteins, in just 5S0.U74 base pairs (see Table 1.6). What fraction of the M. genitalium genes encode proteins? What do you think the other genes encode? If the fraction of base pairs devoted to protein-coding genes is the same as the fraction of the total genes that they represent, what is tlie average number of base pairs per protein-coding gene? If it takes three base pairs to specify an amino acid in a protein, how many amino acids are found in the average M. genitalium protein? If each amino acid contributes, on average, 12U daltons to the mass of a protein, what is the mass of an average M. genitalium protein? (Section 1.5)arrow_forward
- Answers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. The Sequence Relationship Between an Antisense RNA Strand and Its Template DNA Strand The DNA strand that is complementary to the template strand copied by RNA polymerase during transcription has a nucleotide sequence identical to that of the RNA being synthesized (except T residues are found in the DNA strand at sites where U residues occur in the RNA). An RNA transcribed from this nontem-plate DNA strand would be complementary to the mRNA synthesized by RNA polymerase. Such an RNA is called antisense RNA because its base sequence is complementary to the “sense mRNA. One strategy to thwart the deleterious effects of genes activated in disease slates (such as cancer) is to generate antisense RNAs in affected cells. These antisense RNAs would form double-stranded hybrids with mRNAs transcribed from the activated genes and prevent their translation into protein. Suppose transcription of a cancer-activated gene yielded an mRNA whose sequence included the segment 5’-UACGUCUAAGCUGA. What is the corresponding nucleotide sequence (5’ The template strand in a DNA duplex that might be introduced into these cells so that an untisense RNA could be transcribed from it?arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. An Estimation of the Number of Cenes in a Virus Virus genomesrange in size from approximately nucleotides to approximately 280,000 base pairs. If viral genes are about the same size as M. genilalium genes, what is the minimum and maximum number of genes in viruses? (Section 1.5)arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. (Historical Context) The Third Person of the -Helix Publication Who was Herman Branson? What was his role in the elucidation of the structure of the or-helix'.' Did he receive sufficient credit and recognition for his contributions? And how did the rest of his career unfold? Do a Google search on Herman Branson to learn about his life, and read the article by David Eisenberg under Further Reading. You may also wish to examine the original paper by Pauling, Corey, and Branson, as well as the following Web site: http://www.pirns. org/sitelmisclclassicsl..shtml Pauling, L., Corey, R. B., and Branson, H. R., 1951. The structure of proteins: two hydrogen-bonded helical configurations of the polypeptide chain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 37:235-240.arrow_forward
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