![Student Study Guide for Silberberg Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9780078131615/9780078131615_largeCoverImage.gif)
(a)
Interpretation:
The substance among the following pair that has the lower boiling point is to be identified.
Concept introduction:
Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:
1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.
2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.
3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.
4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.
5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.
6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.
The boiling point of the liquid is defined as the temperature at which the liquid and gas are in equilibrium and the pressure is
An ionic bond is formed by the interaction of a metal with a non-metal. When a metal element interacts with a non-metal, the metal loses electron/electrons. The electrons lost are gained by the nonmetal. The metal turns into a cation whereas the non-metal turns into an anion. The electrostatic force of attraction between the cation and the anion leads to the formation of an ionic bond between the two. The constituents in an ionic compound are ions.
(b)
Interpretation:
The substance among the following pair that has the lower boiling point is to be identified.
Concept introduction:
Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:
1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.
2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.
3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.
4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.
5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.
6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.
The boiling point of the liquid is defined as the temperature at which the liquid and gas are in equilibrium and the pressure is
(c)
Interpretation:
The substance among the following pair that has the lower boiling point is to be identified.
Concept introduction:
Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other.
Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.
The boiling point of the liquid is defined as the temperature at which the liquid and gas are in equilibrium and the pressure is
The electron cloud around an atom and molecules gets distorted when the external electric field is applied. Polarizability is the measure of that distortion of the electron cloud in the presence of the electric field. This distortion is responsible for the generation of the dipole in nonpolar molecules and leads to dispersion forces.
Polarizability is directly related to size and therefore increases with increase in size. The pi electrons can be easily polarized as compared to sigma electrons and therefore compounds with pi bonds has greater polarizability than compounds with sigma bonds.
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
![Blurred answer](/static/blurred-answer.jpg)
Chapter 12 Solutions
Student Study Guide for Silberberg Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change
- Predict the major organic product(s), if any, of the following reactions. Assume all reagents are in excess unless otherwise indicated.arrow_forwardHow many signals would you expect to find in the 1 H NMR spectrum of each given compound? Part 1 of 2 2 Part 2 of 2 HO 5 ☑ Х IIIIII***** §arrow_forwardA carbonyl compound has a molecular ion with a m/z of 86. The mass spectra of this compound also has a base peak with a m/z of 57. Draw the correct structure of this molecule. Drawingarrow_forward
- Can you draw this using Lewis dot structures and full structures in the same way they are so that I can better visualize them and then determine resonance?arrow_forwardSynthesize the following compound from cyclohexanol, ethanol, and any other needed reagentsarrow_forwardFor a titration of 20.00 mL of 0.0500 M H2SO4 with 0.100 M KOH, calculate the pH at each of the following volume of KOH used in the titration: 1) before the titration begin; 2) 10.00 mL; 3) 20.00 mL; 4) 30.00 mL. Ka2 = 1.20×10-2 for H2SO4.arrow_forward
- Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided starting and product structures, draw the curved electron-pushing arrows for the following reaction or mechanistic step(s) Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps Problem 73 of 10 Drawing Amows ro HO Donearrow_forward12. Synthesize the following target molecules (TMs) using the specified starting materials. .CI a) HO3S SM TM b) HO- SMarrow_forwardFor a titration of 20.00 mL of 0.0500 M H2SO4 with 0.100 M KOH, calculate the pH at each of the following volume of KOH used in the titration: 1) before the titration begin; 2) 10.00 mL; 3) 20.00 mL; 4) 30.00 mL. Ka2 = 1.20×10-2 for H2SO4.arrow_forward
- Write the systematic name of each organic molecule: structure name show work. don't give Ai generated solutionarrow_forwardShow work with explanation needed. Don't give Ai generated solutionarrow_forwardA Elschboard Part of SpeechT-D Alt Leaming App app.aktiv.com Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided resonance structures, draw the curved electron- pushing arrows to show the interconversion between resonance hybrid contributors. Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps. Include all lone pairs and formal charges in the structures. Problem 45 of 10 I Select to Add Arrows N Please selarrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305957404/9781305957404_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781259911156/9781259911156_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305577213/9781305577213_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9780078021558/9780078021558_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305079373/9781305079373_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781118431221/9781118431221_smallCoverImage.gif)