(a) Interpretation: The reason as to why ionization of a π electron requires less energy than ionization of a σ electron is to be stated. Concept introduction: Each group in a compound exhibits a characteristic fragmentation pattern that help to analyze its mass spectrum. The peak of each and every fragment is observed at different frequency.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.44AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The reason as to why ionization of a π electron requires less energy than ionization of a σ electron is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Each group in a compound exhibits a characteristic fragmentation pattern that help to analyze its mass spectrum. The peak of each and every fragment is observed at different frequency.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of the molecular ion of 1-heptene formed by ionization of a π electron is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Each group in a compound exhibits a characteristic fragmentation pattern that help to analyze its mass spectrum. The peak of each and every fragment is observed at different frequency. Molecular ion is the radical cation which is formed by ejection of electrons from a molecule when a beam of high-energy electrons are bombarded on a molecule.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The curved-arrow mechanism that shows the conversion of the molecular ion of 1-heptene into the allyl cation is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Each group in a compound exhibits a characteristic fragmentation pattern that help to analyze its mass spectrum. The peak of each and every fragment is observed at different frequency. Molecular ion is the radical cation which is formed by ejection of electrons from a molecule when a beam of high-energy electrons are bombarded on a molecule.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.44AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The reason as to why ionization of a π electron requires less energy than ionization of a σ electron is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Each group in a compound exhibits a characteristic fragmentation pattern that help to analyze its mass spectrum. The peak of each and every fragment is observed at different frequency.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of the molecular ion of 1-heptene formed by ionization of a π electron is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Each group in a compound exhibits a characteristic fragmentation pattern that help to analyze its mass spectrum. The peak of each and every fragment is observed at different frequency. Molecular ion is the radical cation which is formed by ejection of electrons from a molecule when a beam of high-energy electrons are bombarded on a molecule.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The curved-arrow mechanism that shows the conversion of the molecular ion of 1-heptene into the allyl cation is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Each group in a compound exhibits a characteristic fragmentation pattern that help to analyze its mass spectrum. The peak of each and every fragment is observed at different frequency. Molecular ion is the radical cation which is formed by ejection of electrons from a molecule when a beam of high-energy electrons are bombarded on a molecule.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.44AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The reason as to why ionization of a π electron requires less energy than ionization of a σ electron is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Each group in a compound exhibits a characteristic fragmentation pattern that help to analyze its mass spectrum. The peak of each and every fragment is observed at different frequency.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of the molecular ion of 1-heptene formed by ionization of a π electron is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Each group in a compound exhibits a characteristic fragmentation pattern that help to analyze its mass spectrum. The peak of each and every fragment is observed at different frequency. Molecular ion is the radical cation which is formed by ejection of electrons from a molecule when a beam of high-energy electrons are bombarded on a molecule.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The curved-arrow mechanism that shows the conversion of the molecular ion of 1-heptene into the allyl cation is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Each group in a compound exhibits a characteristic fragmentation pattern that help to analyze its mass spectrum. The peak of each and every fragment is observed at different frequency. Molecular ion is the radical cation which is formed by ejection of electrons from a molecule when a beam of high-energy electrons are bombarded on a molecule.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.44AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The reason as to why ionization of a π electron requires less energy than ionization of a σ electron is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Each group in a compound exhibits a characteristic fragmentation pattern that help to analyze its mass spectrum. The peak of each and every fragment is observed at different frequency.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of the molecular ion of 1-heptene formed by ionization of a π electron is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Each group in a compound exhibits a characteristic fragmentation pattern that help to analyze its mass spectrum. The peak of each and every fragment is observed at different frequency. Molecular ion is the radical cation which is formed by ejection of electrons from a molecule when a beam of high-energy electrons are bombarded on a molecule.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The curved-arrow mechanism that shows the conversion of the molecular ion of 1-heptene into the allyl cation is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Each group in a compound exhibits a characteristic fragmentation pattern that help to analyze its mass spectrum. The peak of each and every fragment is observed at different frequency. Molecular ion is the radical cation which is formed by ejection of electrons from a molecule when a beam of high-energy electrons are bombarded on a molecule.

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Answer 5

Chapter 12, Problem 12.44AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The reason as to why ionization of a π electron requires less energy than ionization of a σ electron is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Each group in a compound exhibits a characteristic fragmentation pattern that help to analyze its mass spectrum. The peak of each and every fragment is observed at different frequency.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of the molecular ion of 1-heptene formed by ionization of a π electron is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Each group in a compound exhibits a characteristic fragmentation pattern that help to analyze its mass spectrum. The peak of each and every fragment is observed at different frequency. Molecular ion is the radical cation which is formed by ejection of electrons from a molecule when a beam of high-energy electrons are bombarded on a molecule.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The curved-arrow mechanism that shows the conversion of the molecular ion of 1-heptene into the allyl cation is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Each group in a compound exhibits a characteristic fragmentation pattern that help to analyze its mass spectrum. The peak of each and every fragment is observed at different frequency. Molecular ion is the radical cation which is formed by ejection of electrons from a molecule when a beam of high-energy electrons are bombarded on a molecule.

Answer 6

Chapter 12, Problem 12.44AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The reason as to why ionization of a π electron requires less energy than ionization of a σ electron is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Each group in a compound exhibits a characteristic fragmentation pattern that help to analyze its mass spectrum. The peak of each and every fragment is observed at different frequency.

Answer 7

Chapter 12, Problem 12.44AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The reason as to why ionization of a π electron requires less energy than ionization of a σ electron is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Each group in a compound exhibits a characteristic fragmentation pattern that help to analyze its mass spectrum. The peak of each and every fragment is observed at different frequency.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of the molecular ion of 1-heptene formed by ionization of a π electron is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Each group in a compound exhibits a characteristic fragmentation pattern that help to analyze its mass spectrum. The peak of each and every fragment is observed at different frequency. Molecular ion is the radical cation which is formed by ejection of electrons from a molecule when a beam of high-energy electrons are bombarded on a molecule.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of the molecular ion of 1-heptene formed by ionization of a π electron is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Each group in a compound exhibits a characteristic fragmentation pattern that help to analyze its mass spectrum. The peak of each and every fragment is observed at different frequency. Molecular ion is the radical cation which is formed by ejection of electrons from a molecule when a beam of high-energy electrons are bombarded on a molecule.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The curved-arrow mechanism that shows the conversion of the molecular ion of 1-heptene into the allyl cation is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Each group in a compound exhibits a characteristic fragmentation pattern that help to analyze its mass spectrum. The peak of each and every fragment is observed at different frequency. Molecular ion is the radical cation which is formed by ejection of electrons from a molecule when a beam of high-energy electrons are bombarded on a molecule.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The curved-arrow mechanism that shows the conversion of the molecular ion of 1-heptene into the allyl cation is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Each group in a compound exhibits a characteristic fragmentation pattern that help to analyze its mass spectrum. The peak of each and every fragment is observed at different frequency. Molecular ion is the radical cation which is formed by ejection of electrons from a molecule when a beam of high-energy electrons are bombarded on a molecule.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.1P Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.2P Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.3P Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.4P Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.5P Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.6P Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.7P Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.8P Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.9P Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains the reason why ionization of a electron requires less energy. The peak of each and every fragment is observed at different frequency.

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Chapter 12 Solutions