
(a)
Interpretation:
The strongest interparticle force in
Concept introduction:
Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:
1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.
2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.
3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.
4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.
5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.
6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.
(b)
Interpretation:
The strongest interparticle force in
Concept introduction:
Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:
1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.
2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.
3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.
4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.
5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.
6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.
(c)
Interpretation:
The strongest interparticle force in
Concept introduction:
Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:
1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.
2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.
3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.
4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.
5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.
6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

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Chapter 12 Solutions
Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change
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- Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided starting and product structures, draw the curved electron-pushing arrows for the following reaction or mechanistic step(s). Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps. H I Select to Add Arrows + H H 'H Q H2O H2O CI:O .H H H H I Select to Add Arrows I : C H2O H H H Select to Add Arrows 'Harrow_forward+ Draw an alkyl halide that produces ONLY the following alkene in an E2 elimination. Ignore any inorganic byproducts. Drawing Strong Base Q Atoms, Bonds and Rings Charges HO Br H2N Undo Reset Remove Done Drag To Panarrow_forwardFor the dehydrohalogenation (E2) reaction shown, draw the major organic product. Хок Br tert-butanol heat Select Drew Templates More Erase CH QQQarrow_forward
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