Chapter 12, Problem 12.100P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The phosphorous is a conductor; semiconductor or insulator is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Band theory is a model that defines the energy of the electrons in the solid and determines the conductivity of the solids. It is derived from the theory of the molecular orbital. The lower occupied molecular orbital is known as valence band and higher unoccupied molecular orbital are known as the conduction band. The solids can be classified on the basis of band theory as follows:

1. Conductors.

2. Semiconductor

3. Insulators

A periodic table is an arrangement of elements based on their atomic number, properties, and electronic configuration. The table is arranged into groups and periods. The elements which are metallic in nature, occupy the large lower-left portion of the table. The non-metals occupy the small upper-right portion of the table. Metalloids like along the staircase line. Elements which appear in the same group have similar behavior.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

The mercury is a conductor; semiconductor or insulator is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Band theory is a model that defines the energy of the electrons in the solid and determines the conductivity of the solids. It is derived from the theory of the molecular orbital. The lower occupied molecular orbital is known as valence band and higher unoccupied molecular orbital are known as the conduction band. The solids can be classified on the basis of band theory as follows:

1. Conductors.

2. Semiconductor

3. Insulators

A periodic table is an arrangement of elements based on their atomic number, properties, and electronic configuration. The table is arranged into groups and periods. The elements which are metallic in nature, occupy the large lower-left portion of the table. The non-metals occupy the small upper-right portion of the table. Metalloids like along the staircase line. Elements which appear in the same group have similar behavior.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

The germanium is a conductor; semiconductor or insulator is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Band theory is a model that defines the energy of the electrons in the solid and determines the conductivity of the solids. It is derived from the theory of the molecular orbital. The lower occupied molecular orbital is known as valence band and higher unoccupied molecular orbital are known as the conduction band. The solids can be classified on the basis of band theory as follows:

1. Conductors.

2. Semiconductor

3. Insulators

A periodic table is an arrangement of elements based on their atomic number, properties, and electronic configuration. The table is arranged into groups and periods. The elements which are metallic in nature, occupy the large lower-left portion of the table. The non-metals occupy the small upper-right portion of the table. Metalloids like along the staircase line. Elements which appear in the same group have similar behavior.