
Concept Introduction:
Operating Income
It is the net income of the entity without including the impact of any financial activity or taxed. It measures entity's ability to generate earnings from its operational activities. It can be calculated using the following equation:
Variable expenses
The expenses which are associated with the amount of goods produced or services provided. These vary directly with the production level i.e. company's variable cost increases as the production increases and vice-a-versa.
Fixed expenses
These expenses do not vary with the level of production. They do not change with the amount of goods or services a company produces. They remain same even if the company does not produce any product or provide any service during an accounting period.
Requirement a:
To calculate:
Operating income of May
Concept Introduction:
Contribution margin
It is the difference between total revenue and variable expenses. Contribution margin equals the amount that sales exceed variable costs. It measures how efficiently a company can produce products and maintain low levels of variable cost.
Contribution margin, when expressed in percentage form is known as Contribution margin ratio and can be calculated as follows:
Variable expenses
The expenses which are associated with the amount of goods produced or services provided. These vary directly with the production level i.e. company's variable cost increases as the production increases and vice-a-versa.
Requirement b:
To calculate:
Break- even point in terms of units sold and total revenues
Concept Introduction:
Operating Income
<[>It is the net income of the entity without including the impact of any financial activity or taxed. It measures entity's ability to generate earnings from its operational activities. It can be calculated using the following equation:
Variable expenses The expenses which are associated with the amount of goods produced or services provided. These vary directly with the production level i.e. company's variable cost increases as the production increases and vice-a-versa.
Fixed expenses
These expenses do not vary with the level of production. They do not change with the amount of goods or services a company produces. They remain same even if the company does not produce any product or provide any service during an accounting period.
Requirement c:
- Operating income with new cost structure
- Break- even point in units with new cost structure
- Reason for suggestion of investing in automated equipment and accept new cost structure
- Reasons if management does not accept recommendation

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Chapter 12 Solutions
Accounting: What the Numbers Mean
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