Chapter 12, Problem 107IAE

The triple point temperature of bismuth is 544.5 K and the normal boiling point is 1832 K. Imagine that a 1.00 mol sample of bismuth is heated at a constant rate of 1.00 kJ min-1 in an apparatus in which the sample is maintained under a constant pressure of 1 atm. In the manner shown in Figure 12-24 and as much to scale as possible, that is in terms of times and temperatures, sketch the heating curve that would be obtained in heating the sample from 300 K to 2000 K. Use the following data. ${\Delta }_{aq}H=10.9$ kJ mol-1 for Bi(s); ${\Delta }_{aq}H=151.5$ kJ mol-1 for Bi(l); average molar heat capacities, in J mol-1 K-1, 28 for Bi(s), 31 for Bi(l), and 21 for Bi(g). [Hint: Under the conditions described, no vapor appears until the normal boiling point is reached.]