The product obtained from the reaction of 3-pentanol with H O C l have to be explained. Concept introduction: Oxidation of primary alcohol first produces aldehyde . The further oxidation of aldehyde results in the formation of carboxylic acid . Oxidation of secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone . In both primary and secondary alcohols during the oxidation reaction one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group. Tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction since there is no hydrogen atom is present in the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group Mechanism of oxidation of alcohol by H O C l 1. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is protonated by the acid 2. By an S N 2 reaction one water molecule is eliminated by the hypochlorite ion 3. Hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with O − C l bond by a base present in the reaction mixture and thus O − C l bond breaks. S N 2 Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction resulting in the formation of product with inversed configuration.

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Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 11.5, Problem 20P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained from the reaction of 3-pentanol with HOCl have to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation of primary alcohol first produces aldehyde. The further oxidation of aldehyde results in the formation of carboxylic acid. Oxidation of secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone.

In both primary and secondary alcohols during the oxidation reaction one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group.

Tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction since there is no hydrogen atom is present in the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group

Mechanism of oxidation of alcohol by HOCl

1. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is protonated by the acid

2. By an S_N2 reaction one water molecule is eliminated by the hypochlorite ion

3. Hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with O−Cl bond by a base present in the reaction mixture and thus O−Cl bond breaks.

S_N2 Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction resulting in the formation of product with inversed configuration.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained from the reaction of 1-pentanol with HOCl have to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation of primary alcohol first produces aldehyde. The further oxidation of aldehyde results in the formation of carboxylic acid. Oxidation of secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone.

In both primary and secondary alcohols during the oxidation reaction one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group.

Tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction since there is no hydrogen atom is present in the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group

Mechanism of oxidation of alcohol by HOCl

1. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is protonated by the acid

2. By an S_N2 reaction one water molecule is eliminated by the hypochlorite ion

3. Hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with O−Cl bond by a base present in the reaction mixture and thus O−Cl bond breaks.

S_N2 Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction resulting in the formation of product with inversed configuration.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained from the reaction of 2-methyl-2-pentanol with HOCl have to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation of primary alcohol first produces aldehyde. The further oxidation of aldehyde results in the formation of carboxylic acid. Oxidation of secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone.

In both primary and secondary alcohols during the oxidation reaction one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group.

Tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction since there is no hydrogen atom is present in the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group

Mechanism of oxidation of alcohol by HOCl

1. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is protonated by the acid

2. By an S_N2 reaction one water molecule is eliminated by the hypochlorite ion

3. Hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with O−Cl bond by a base present in the reaction mixture and thus O−Cl bond breaks.

S_N2 Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction resulting in the formation of product with inversed configuration.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained from the reaction of 2,4-hexanediol with HOCl have to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation of primary alcohol first produces aldehyde. The further oxidation of aldehyde results in the formation of carboxylic acid. Oxidation of secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone.

In both primary and secondary alcohols during the oxidation reaction one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group.

Tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction since there is no hydrogen atom is present in the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group

Mechanism of oxidation of alcohol by HOCl

1. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is protonated by the acid

2. By an S_N2 reaction one water molecule is eliminated by the hypochlorite ion

3. Hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with O−Cl bond by a base present in the reaction mixture and thus O−Cl bond breaks.

S_N2 Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction resulting in the formation of product with inversed configuration.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained from the reaction of cyclohexanol with HOCl have to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation of primary alcohol first produces aldehyde. The further oxidation of aldehyde results in the formation of carboxylic acid. Oxidation of secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone.

In both primary and secondary alcohols during the oxidation reaction one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group.

Tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction since there is no hydrogen atom is present in the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group

Mechanism of oxidation of alcohol by HOCl

1. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is protonated by the acid

2. By an S_N2 reaction one water molecule is eliminated by the hypochlorite ion

3. Hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with O−Cl bond by a base present in the reaction mixture and thus O−Cl bond breaks.

S_N2 Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction resulting in the formation of product with inversed configuration.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained from the reaction of 1,4-butanediol with HOCl have to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation of primary alcohol first produces aldehyde. The further oxidation of aldehyde results in the formation of carboxylic acid. Oxidation of secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone.

In both primary and secondary alcohols during the oxidation reaction one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group.

Tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction since there is no hydrogen atom is present in the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group

Mechanism of oxidation of alcohol by HOCl

1. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is protonated by the acid

2. By an S_N2 reaction one water molecule is eliminated by the hypochlorite ion

3. Hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with O−Cl bond by a base present in the reaction mixture and thus O−Cl bond breaks.

S_N2 Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction resulting in the formation of product with inversed configuration.

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Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 11.5, Problem 20P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained from the reaction of 3-pentanol with HOCl have to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation of primary alcohol first produces aldehyde. The further oxidation of aldehyde results in the formation of carboxylic acid. Oxidation of secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone.

In both primary and secondary alcohols during the oxidation reaction one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group.

Tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction since there is no hydrogen atom is present in the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group

Mechanism of oxidation of alcohol by HOCl

1. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is protonated by the acid

2. By an S_N2 reaction one water molecule is eliminated by the hypochlorite ion

3. Hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with O−Cl bond by a base present in the reaction mixture and thus O−Cl bond breaks.

S_N2 Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction resulting in the formation of product with inversed configuration.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained from the reaction of 1-pentanol with HOCl have to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation of primary alcohol first produces aldehyde. The further oxidation of aldehyde results in the formation of carboxylic acid. Oxidation of secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone.

In both primary and secondary alcohols during the oxidation reaction one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group.

Tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction since there is no hydrogen atom is present in the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group

Mechanism of oxidation of alcohol by HOCl

1. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is protonated by the acid

2. By an S_N2 reaction one water molecule is eliminated by the hypochlorite ion

3. Hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with O−Cl bond by a base present in the reaction mixture and thus O−Cl bond breaks.

S_N2 Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction resulting in the formation of product with inversed configuration.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained from the reaction of 2-methyl-2-pentanol with HOCl have to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation of primary alcohol first produces aldehyde. The further oxidation of aldehyde results in the formation of carboxylic acid. Oxidation of secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone.

In both primary and secondary alcohols during the oxidation reaction one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group.

Tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction since there is no hydrogen atom is present in the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group

Mechanism of oxidation of alcohol by HOCl

1. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is protonated by the acid

2. By an S_N2 reaction one water molecule is eliminated by the hypochlorite ion

3. Hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with O−Cl bond by a base present in the reaction mixture and thus O−Cl bond breaks.

S_N2 Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction resulting in the formation of product with inversed configuration.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained from the reaction of 2,4-hexanediol with HOCl have to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation of primary alcohol first produces aldehyde. The further oxidation of aldehyde results in the formation of carboxylic acid. Oxidation of secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone.

In both primary and secondary alcohols during the oxidation reaction one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group.

Tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction since there is no hydrogen atom is present in the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group

Mechanism of oxidation of alcohol by HOCl

1. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is protonated by the acid

2. By an S_N2 reaction one water molecule is eliminated by the hypochlorite ion

3. Hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with O−Cl bond by a base present in the reaction mixture and thus O−Cl bond breaks.

S_N2 Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction resulting in the formation of product with inversed configuration.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained from the reaction of cyclohexanol with HOCl have to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation of primary alcohol first produces aldehyde. The further oxidation of aldehyde results in the formation of carboxylic acid. Oxidation of secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone.

In both primary and secondary alcohols during the oxidation reaction one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group.

Tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction since there is no hydrogen atom is present in the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group

Mechanism of oxidation of alcohol by HOCl

1. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is protonated by the acid

2. By an S_N2 reaction one water molecule is eliminated by the hypochlorite ion

3. Hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with O−Cl bond by a base present in the reaction mixture and thus O−Cl bond breaks.

S_N2 Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction resulting in the formation of product with inversed configuration.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained from the reaction of 1,4-butanediol with HOCl have to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation of primary alcohol first produces aldehyde. The further oxidation of aldehyde results in the formation of carboxylic acid. Oxidation of secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone.

In both primary and secondary alcohols during the oxidation reaction one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group.

Tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction since there is no hydrogen atom is present in the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group

Mechanism of oxidation of alcohol by HOCl

1. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is protonated by the acid

2. By an S_N2 reaction one water molecule is eliminated by the hypochlorite ion

3. Hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with O−Cl bond by a base present in the reaction mixture and thus O−Cl bond breaks.

S_N2 Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction resulting in the formation of product with inversed configuration.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 11.5, Problem 20P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained from the reaction of 3-pentanol with HOCl have to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation of primary alcohol first produces aldehyde. The further oxidation of aldehyde results in the formation of carboxylic acid. Oxidation of secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone.

In both primary and secondary alcohols during the oxidation reaction one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group.

Tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction since there is no hydrogen atom is present in the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group

Mechanism of oxidation of alcohol by HOCl

1. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is protonated by the acid

2. By an S_N2 reaction one water molecule is eliminated by the hypochlorite ion

3. Hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with O−Cl bond by a base present in the reaction mixture and thus O−Cl bond breaks.

S_N2 Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction resulting in the formation of product with inversed configuration.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained from the reaction of 1-pentanol with HOCl have to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation of primary alcohol first produces aldehyde. The further oxidation of aldehyde results in the formation of carboxylic acid. Oxidation of secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone.

In both primary and secondary alcohols during the oxidation reaction one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group.

Tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction since there is no hydrogen atom is present in the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group

Mechanism of oxidation of alcohol by HOCl

1. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is protonated by the acid

2. By an S_N2 reaction one water molecule is eliminated by the hypochlorite ion

3. Hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with O−Cl bond by a base present in the reaction mixture and thus O−Cl bond breaks.

S_N2 Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction resulting in the formation of product with inversed configuration.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained from the reaction of 2-methyl-2-pentanol with HOCl have to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation of primary alcohol first produces aldehyde. The further oxidation of aldehyde results in the formation of carboxylic acid. Oxidation of secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone.

In both primary and secondary alcohols during the oxidation reaction one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group.

Tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction since there is no hydrogen atom is present in the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group

Mechanism of oxidation of alcohol by HOCl

1. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is protonated by the acid

2. By an S_N2 reaction one water molecule is eliminated by the hypochlorite ion

3. Hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with O−Cl bond by a base present in the reaction mixture and thus O−Cl bond breaks.

S_N2 Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction resulting in the formation of product with inversed configuration.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained from the reaction of 2,4-hexanediol with HOCl have to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation of primary alcohol first produces aldehyde. The further oxidation of aldehyde results in the formation of carboxylic acid. Oxidation of secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone.

In both primary and secondary alcohols during the oxidation reaction one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group.

Tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction since there is no hydrogen atom is present in the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group

Mechanism of oxidation of alcohol by HOCl

1. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is protonated by the acid

2. By an S_N2 reaction one water molecule is eliminated by the hypochlorite ion

3. Hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with O−Cl bond by a base present in the reaction mixture and thus O−Cl bond breaks.

S_N2 Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction resulting in the formation of product with inversed configuration.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained from the reaction of cyclohexanol with HOCl have to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation of primary alcohol first produces aldehyde. The further oxidation of aldehyde results in the formation of carboxylic acid. Oxidation of secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone.

In both primary and secondary alcohols during the oxidation reaction one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group.

Tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction since there is no hydrogen atom is present in the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group

Mechanism of oxidation of alcohol by HOCl

1. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is protonated by the acid

2. By an S_N2 reaction one water molecule is eliminated by the hypochlorite ion

3. Hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with O−Cl bond by a base present in the reaction mixture and thus O−Cl bond breaks.

S_N2 Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction resulting in the formation of product with inversed configuration.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained from the reaction of 1,4-butanediol with HOCl have to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation of primary alcohol first produces aldehyde. The further oxidation of aldehyde results in the formation of carboxylic acid. Oxidation of secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone.

In both primary and secondary alcohols during the oxidation reaction one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group.

Tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction since there is no hydrogen atom is present in the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group

Mechanism of oxidation of alcohol by HOCl

1. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is protonated by the acid

2. By an S_N2 reaction one water molecule is eliminated by the hypochlorite ion

3. Hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with O−Cl bond by a base present in the reaction mixture and thus O−Cl bond breaks.

S_N2 Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction resulting in the formation of product with inversed configuration.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 11.5, Problem 20P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained from the reaction of 3-pentanol with HOCl have to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation of primary alcohol first produces aldehyde. The further oxidation of aldehyde results in the formation of carboxylic acid. Oxidation of secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone.

In both primary and secondary alcohols during the oxidation reaction one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group.

Tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction since there is no hydrogen atom is present in the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group

Mechanism of oxidation of alcohol by HOCl

1. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is protonated by the acid

2. By an S_N2 reaction one water molecule is eliminated by the hypochlorite ion

3. Hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with O−Cl bond by a base present in the reaction mixture and thus O−Cl bond breaks.

S_N2 Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction resulting in the formation of product with inversed configuration.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained from the reaction of 1-pentanol with HOCl have to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation of primary alcohol first produces aldehyde. The further oxidation of aldehyde results in the formation of carboxylic acid. Oxidation of secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone.

In both primary and secondary alcohols during the oxidation reaction one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group.

Tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction since there is no hydrogen atom is present in the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group

Mechanism of oxidation of alcohol by HOCl

1. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is protonated by the acid

2. By an S_N2 reaction one water molecule is eliminated by the hypochlorite ion

3. Hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with O−Cl bond by a base present in the reaction mixture and thus O−Cl bond breaks.

S_N2 Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction resulting in the formation of product with inversed configuration.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained from the reaction of 2-methyl-2-pentanol with HOCl have to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation of primary alcohol first produces aldehyde. The further oxidation of aldehyde results in the formation of carboxylic acid. Oxidation of secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone.

In both primary and secondary alcohols during the oxidation reaction one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group.

Tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction since there is no hydrogen atom is present in the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group

Mechanism of oxidation of alcohol by HOCl

1. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is protonated by the acid

2. By an S_N2 reaction one water molecule is eliminated by the hypochlorite ion

3. Hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with O−Cl bond by a base present in the reaction mixture and thus O−Cl bond breaks.

S_N2 Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction resulting in the formation of product with inversed configuration.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained from the reaction of 2,4-hexanediol with HOCl have to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation of primary alcohol first produces aldehyde. The further oxidation of aldehyde results in the formation of carboxylic acid. Oxidation of secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone.

In both primary and secondary alcohols during the oxidation reaction one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group.

Tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction since there is no hydrogen atom is present in the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group

Mechanism of oxidation of alcohol by HOCl

1. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is protonated by the acid

2. By an S_N2 reaction one water molecule is eliminated by the hypochlorite ion

3. Hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with O−Cl bond by a base present in the reaction mixture and thus O−Cl bond breaks.

S_N2 Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction resulting in the formation of product with inversed configuration.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained from the reaction of cyclohexanol with HOCl have to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation of primary alcohol first produces aldehyde. The further oxidation of aldehyde results in the formation of carboxylic acid. Oxidation of secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone.

In both primary and secondary alcohols during the oxidation reaction one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group.

Tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction since there is no hydrogen atom is present in the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group

Mechanism of oxidation of alcohol by HOCl

1. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is protonated by the acid

2. By an S_N2 reaction one water molecule is eliminated by the hypochlorite ion

3. Hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with O−Cl bond by a base present in the reaction mixture and thus O−Cl bond breaks.

S_N2 Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction resulting in the formation of product with inversed configuration.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained from the reaction of 1,4-butanediol with HOCl have to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation of primary alcohol first produces aldehyde. The further oxidation of aldehyde results in the formation of carboxylic acid. Oxidation of secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone.

In both primary and secondary alcohols during the oxidation reaction one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group.

Tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction since there is no hydrogen atom is present in the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group

Mechanism of oxidation of alcohol by HOCl

1. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is protonated by the acid

2. By an S_N2 reaction one water molecule is eliminated by the hypochlorite ion

3. Hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with O−Cl bond by a base present in the reaction mixture and thus O−Cl bond breaks.

S_N2 Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction resulting in the formation of product with inversed configuration.

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Answer 5

Chapter 11.5, Problem 20P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained from the reaction of 3-pentanol with HOCl have to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation of primary alcohol first produces aldehyde. The further oxidation of aldehyde results in the formation of carboxylic acid. Oxidation of secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone.

In both primary and secondary alcohols during the oxidation reaction one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group.

Tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction since there is no hydrogen atom is present in the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group

Mechanism of oxidation of alcohol by HOCl

1. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is protonated by the acid

2. By an S_N2 reaction one water molecule is eliminated by the hypochlorite ion

3. Hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with O−Cl bond by a base present in the reaction mixture and thus O−Cl bond breaks.

S_N2 Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction resulting in the formation of product with inversed configuration.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained from the reaction of 1-pentanol with HOCl have to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation of primary alcohol first produces aldehyde. The further oxidation of aldehyde results in the formation of carboxylic acid. Oxidation of secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone.

In both primary and secondary alcohols during the oxidation reaction one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group.

Tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction since there is no hydrogen atom is present in the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group

Mechanism of oxidation of alcohol by HOCl

1. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is protonated by the acid

2. By an S_N2 reaction one water molecule is eliminated by the hypochlorite ion

3. Hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with O−Cl bond by a base present in the reaction mixture and thus O−Cl bond breaks.

S_N2 Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction resulting in the formation of product with inversed configuration.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained from the reaction of 2-methyl-2-pentanol with HOCl have to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation of primary alcohol first produces aldehyde. The further oxidation of aldehyde results in the formation of carboxylic acid. Oxidation of secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone.

In both primary and secondary alcohols during the oxidation reaction one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group.

Tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction since there is no hydrogen atom is present in the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group

Mechanism of oxidation of alcohol by HOCl

1. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is protonated by the acid

2. By an S_N2 reaction one water molecule is eliminated by the hypochlorite ion

3. Hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with O−Cl bond by a base present in the reaction mixture and thus O−Cl bond breaks.

S_N2 Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction resulting in the formation of product with inversed configuration.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained from the reaction of 2,4-hexanediol with HOCl have to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation of primary alcohol first produces aldehyde. The further oxidation of aldehyde results in the formation of carboxylic acid. Oxidation of secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone.

In both primary and secondary alcohols during the oxidation reaction one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group.

Tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction since there is no hydrogen atom is present in the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group

Mechanism of oxidation of alcohol by HOCl

1. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is protonated by the acid

2. By an S_N2 reaction one water molecule is eliminated by the hypochlorite ion

3. Hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with O−Cl bond by a base present in the reaction mixture and thus O−Cl bond breaks.

S_N2 Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction resulting in the formation of product with inversed configuration.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained from the reaction of cyclohexanol with HOCl have to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation of primary alcohol first produces aldehyde. The further oxidation of aldehyde results in the formation of carboxylic acid. Oxidation of secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone.

In both primary and secondary alcohols during the oxidation reaction one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group.

Tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction since there is no hydrogen atom is present in the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group

Mechanism of oxidation of alcohol by HOCl

1. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is protonated by the acid

2. By an S_N2 reaction one water molecule is eliminated by the hypochlorite ion

3. Hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with O−Cl bond by a base present in the reaction mixture and thus O−Cl bond breaks.

S_N2 Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction resulting in the formation of product with inversed configuration.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained from the reaction of 1,4-butanediol with HOCl have to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation of primary alcohol first produces aldehyde. The further oxidation of aldehyde results in the formation of carboxylic acid. Oxidation of secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone.

In both primary and secondary alcohols during the oxidation reaction one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group.

Tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction since there is no hydrogen atom is present in the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group

Mechanism of oxidation of alcohol by HOCl

1. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is protonated by the acid

2. By an S_N2 reaction one water molecule is eliminated by the hypochlorite ion

3. Hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with O−Cl bond by a base present in the reaction mixture and thus O−Cl bond breaks.

S_N2 Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction resulting in the formation of product with inversed configuration.

Answer 6

Chapter 11.5, Problem 20P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained from the reaction of 3-pentanol with HOCl have to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation of primary alcohol first produces aldehyde. The further oxidation of aldehyde results in the formation of carboxylic acid. Oxidation of secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone.

In both primary and secondary alcohols during the oxidation reaction one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group.

Tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction since there is no hydrogen atom is present in the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group

Mechanism of oxidation of alcohol by HOCl

1. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is protonated by the acid

2. By an S_N2 reaction one water molecule is eliminated by the hypochlorite ion

3. Hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with O−Cl bond by a base present in the reaction mixture and thus O−Cl bond breaks.

S_N2 Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction resulting in the formation of product with inversed configuration.

Answer 7

Chapter 11.5, Problem 20P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained from the reaction of 3-pentanol with HOCl have to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation of primary alcohol first produces aldehyde. The further oxidation of aldehyde results in the formation of carboxylic acid. Oxidation of secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone.

In both primary and secondary alcohols during the oxidation reaction one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group.

Tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction since there is no hydrogen atom is present in the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group

Mechanism of oxidation of alcohol by HOCl

1. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is protonated by the acid

2. By an S_N2 reaction one water molecule is eliminated by the hypochlorite ion

3. Hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with O−Cl bond by a base present in the reaction mixture and thus O−Cl bond breaks.

S_N2 Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction resulting in the formation of product with inversed configuration.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained from the reaction of 1-pentanol with HOCl have to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation of primary alcohol first produces aldehyde. The further oxidation of aldehyde results in the formation of carboxylic acid. Oxidation of secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone.

In both primary and secondary alcohols during the oxidation reaction one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group.

Tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction since there is no hydrogen atom is present in the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group

Mechanism of oxidation of alcohol by HOCl

1. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is protonated by the acid

2. By an S_N2 reaction one water molecule is eliminated by the hypochlorite ion

3. Hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with O−Cl bond by a base present in the reaction mixture and thus O−Cl bond breaks.

S_N2 Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction resulting in the formation of product with inversed configuration.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained from the reaction of 1-pentanol with HOCl have to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation of primary alcohol first produces aldehyde. The further oxidation of aldehyde results in the formation of carboxylic acid. Oxidation of secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone.

In both primary and secondary alcohols during the oxidation reaction one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group.

Tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction since there is no hydrogen atom is present in the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group

Mechanism of oxidation of alcohol by HOCl

1. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is protonated by the acid

2. By an S_N2 reaction one water molecule is eliminated by the hypochlorite ion

3. Hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with O−Cl bond by a base present in the reaction mixture and thus O−Cl bond breaks.

S_N2 Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction resulting in the formation of product with inversed configuration.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained from the reaction of 2-methyl-2-pentanol with HOCl have to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation of primary alcohol first produces aldehyde. The further oxidation of aldehyde results in the formation of carboxylic acid. Oxidation of secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone.

In both primary and secondary alcohols during the oxidation reaction one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group.

Tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction since there is no hydrogen atom is present in the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group

Mechanism of oxidation of alcohol by HOCl

1. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is protonated by the acid

2. By an S_N2 reaction one water molecule is eliminated by the hypochlorite ion

3. Hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with O−Cl bond by a base present in the reaction mixture and thus O−Cl bond breaks.

S_N2 Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction resulting in the formation of product with inversed configuration.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained from the reaction of 2-methyl-2-pentanol with HOCl have to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation of primary alcohol first produces aldehyde. The further oxidation of aldehyde results in the formation of carboxylic acid. Oxidation of secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone.

In both primary and secondary alcohols during the oxidation reaction one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group.

Tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction since there is no hydrogen atom is present in the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group

Mechanism of oxidation of alcohol by HOCl

1. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is protonated by the acid

2. By an S_N2 reaction one water molecule is eliminated by the hypochlorite ion

3. Hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with O−Cl bond by a base present in the reaction mixture and thus O−Cl bond breaks.

S_N2 Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction resulting in the formation of product with inversed configuration.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained from the reaction of 2,4-hexanediol with HOCl have to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation of primary alcohol first produces aldehyde. The further oxidation of aldehyde results in the formation of carboxylic acid. Oxidation of secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone.

In both primary and secondary alcohols during the oxidation reaction one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group.

Tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction since there is no hydrogen atom is present in the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group

Mechanism of oxidation of alcohol by HOCl

1. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is protonated by the acid

2. By an S_N2 reaction one water molecule is eliminated by the hypochlorite ion

3. Hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with O−Cl bond by a base present in the reaction mixture and thus O−Cl bond breaks.

S_N2 Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction resulting in the formation of product with inversed configuration.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained from the reaction of 2,4-hexanediol with HOCl have to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation of primary alcohol first produces aldehyde. The further oxidation of aldehyde results in the formation of carboxylic acid. Oxidation of secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone.

In both primary and secondary alcohols during the oxidation reaction one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group.

Tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction since there is no hydrogen atom is present in the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group

Mechanism of oxidation of alcohol by HOCl

1. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is protonated by the acid

2. By an S_N2 reaction one water molecule is eliminated by the hypochlorite ion

3. Hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with O−Cl bond by a base present in the reaction mixture and thus O−Cl bond breaks.

S_N2 Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction resulting in the formation of product with inversed configuration.

Answer 14

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained from the reaction of cyclohexanol with HOCl have to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation of primary alcohol first produces aldehyde. The further oxidation of aldehyde results in the formation of carboxylic acid. Oxidation of secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone.

In both primary and secondary alcohols during the oxidation reaction one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group.

Tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction since there is no hydrogen atom is present in the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group

Mechanism of oxidation of alcohol by HOCl

1. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is protonated by the acid

2. By an S_N2 reaction one water molecule is eliminated by the hypochlorite ion

3. Hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with O−Cl bond by a base present in the reaction mixture and thus O−Cl bond breaks.

S_N2 Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction resulting in the formation of product with inversed configuration.

Answer 15

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained from the reaction of cyclohexanol with HOCl have to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation of primary alcohol first produces aldehyde. The further oxidation of aldehyde results in the formation of carboxylic acid. Oxidation of secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone.

In both primary and secondary alcohols during the oxidation reaction one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group.

Tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction since there is no hydrogen atom is present in the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group

Mechanism of oxidation of alcohol by HOCl

1. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is protonated by the acid

2. By an S_N2 reaction one water molecule is eliminated by the hypochlorite ion

3. Hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with O−Cl bond by a base present in the reaction mixture and thus O−Cl bond breaks.

S_N2 Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction resulting in the formation of product with inversed configuration.

Answer 16

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained from the reaction of 1,4-butanediol with HOCl have to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation of primary alcohol first produces aldehyde. The further oxidation of aldehyde results in the formation of carboxylic acid. Oxidation of secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone.

In both primary and secondary alcohols during the oxidation reaction one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group.

Tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction since there is no hydrogen atom is present in the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group

Mechanism of oxidation of alcohol by HOCl

1. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is protonated by the acid

2. By an S_N2 reaction one water molecule is eliminated by the hypochlorite ion

3. Hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with O−Cl bond by a base present in the reaction mixture and thus O−Cl bond breaks.

S_N2 Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction resulting in the formation of product with inversed configuration.

Answer 17

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product obtained from the reaction of 1,4-butanediol with HOCl have to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation of primary alcohol first produces aldehyde. The further oxidation of aldehyde results in the formation of carboxylic acid. Oxidation of secondary alcohol results in the formation of a ketone.

In both primary and secondary alcohols during the oxidation reaction one hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group.

Tertiary alcohol does not undergo oxidation reaction since there is no hydrogen atom is present in the carbon atom bonded with hydroxyl group

Mechanism of oxidation of alcohol by HOCl

1. The oxygen atom in the hydroxyl group is protonated by the acid

2. By an S_N2 reaction one water molecule is eliminated by the hypochlorite ion

3. Hydrogen atom is eliminated from the carbon atom bonded with O−Cl bond by a base present in the reaction mixture and thus O−Cl bond breaks.

S_N2 Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both of the molecules involved. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction resulting in the formation of product with inversed configuration.

Answer 18

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 19

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 20

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Answer 21

Ch. 11.1 - Why are NH3 and CH3NH2 no longer nucleophiles when...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 2P Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 5P Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 7P Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 9P Ch. 11.3 - Show how 1-propanol can be converted into the...Ch. 11.4 - Which of the following alcohols dehydrates the...Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 12P Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 13P Ch. 11.4 - Propose a mechanism for each of the following...

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Chapter 11 Solutions