Chapter 11.5, Problem 11.9PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Balanced equation for hydration of 1-butene has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Addition of water molecule to an unsaturated bond present in hydrocarbon is known as hydration.  During hydration, the unsaturated bond present is broken and a carbon‑hydrogen, carbon‑hydroxyl bond is formed.

General structure of alkene can be given as,

Alkene on hydration gives alcohol.  As there is only one unsaturated bond present in alkene, only one molecule of water is consumed.  The general equation for the hydration of alkene can be given as,

If the alkene is symmetrical only one product is formed.  If the alkene is unsymmetrical, then the product is formed according the Markovnikov’s rule.  According to this rule, in hydration reaction, the hydrogen atom gets attached to the carbon atom in the unsaturated bond which has more number of hydrogen atoms or less number of substituents.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Balanced equation for hydration of 2-methyl-3-hexene has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Balanced equation for hydration of propene has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Balanced equation for hydration of 1,4-dichloro-2-butene has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).